Sunday 1 January 2012

दूरस्थ शिक्षा प्रणाली में मुद्रित अध्ययन सामग्री पर अधिगमकों की प्रतिक्रियाओं का अध्ययन


lR;ohj
'kks/k Nk=] pkS- pj.k flag fo- fo- esjB
Vh-th-Vh- ¼xf.kr½] fnYyh iz'kklu


        nwjLFk f'k{kk esa ftrus Hkh 'kks/k gq, gS muesa izeq[k #i ls ikB;Øe esa lfEefyr gksus ds dkj.k iznÙk dk;Z lUrqf"V] nwjLFk f'k{kk ds izfr n`f"Vdks.k] ikB;Øe ds Lo:i] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh leL;k,a ,oa ohfM;ks dk;ZØe ij gq, gSaA eqfnzr ikB lkexzh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ,oa vf/kxe esa fdl lhek rd lgk;d gS] vHkh rd bl vksj /;ku ugh fn;k x;k gSA izLrqr v/;;u }kjk bldh mi;ksfxrk dks [kkstus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSaA

          IkwoZ v/;;uksa dh leh{kk % jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1986 esa Hkh nwjLFk f'k{kk ds egÙo dks Lohdkj fd;k gSA nwjLFk f'k{kk ds {ks= esa ijEijkxr f'k{k.k] ekSf[kd f'k{k.k fof/k;ka] ikB~;Øe] eqfnzr lkexzh] ohfM;ks ikB] vË;kid ppkZ ,oa lEidZ dk;ZØeksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa ij vusd vË;;u gq, gSA lkgw ,oa efyd ¼1994½] ifMgkjh ,oa eqNky ¼1997½ us vius v/;;uksa es ik;k fd ohfM;ks ikB ds Ik'pkr~ v/;kid ppkZ okys lewg dh miyfC/k vf/kd FkhA 'kekZ ¼1998½ }kjk v/;;u esa ik;k x;k fd dsoy ohfM;ks ikB] ohfM;ks ikB ,oa ppkZ dh vis{kk ohfM;ks ikB ds i'pkr~ O;k[;ku vkO;wg dks vf/kd Js"Brj ik;k x;kA lkgw ,oa [kku ¼1999½] us vius v/;;u eas ik;k fd v/;kid cky dsfUnzr f'k{kk ,oa 'kSf{kd izkS|ksfxdh dks vf/kd oakNuh; ikrs gSaA lkgw ,oa eqNky ¼2000½ us ik;k fd dsoy eqfnzr ikB v/;;u ,oa eqfnzr ikB $ ohfM;ks ikB lewg ds fo|kFkhZ Hkh eqfnzr lkexzh ds lkFk ohfM;ks ikB ds Ik'pkr~ ppkZ dks vko';d ekurs gq, ldkjkRed izfrfØ;k O;Dr djrs gaSSaA cVh ,oa ,y- ¼2001½ us ik;k fd xf.kr ds izfr mPp n`f"Vdks.k j[kus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k xf.kr ds izfr fuEu n`f"Vdks.k j[kus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls vf/kd FkhA jkbl] fdax- Øksfuatj] ¼2002½ us ik;k fd v/;kid ds fofHkUu f'k{k.k vkO;wgksa ,oa d{kk ds le; izcU/ku ds lkFk Cykd 'kSMwfyax lkFkZd ,oa /kukRed :Ik ls lEcfU/kr gSA ,iyhch] ¼2003½ us ik;k fd ppkZ vk/kkfjr mikxeksa] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh Hkk"kk;h miyfC/k ls lkFkZd :Ik ls lEcfU/kr gSA Dysdj] iksykd]¼2005½ us ik;k fd mPp 'kSf{kd miyfC/k okys fo|ky;ksa esa v/;kid lkekU; :Ik ls rhu f'k{k.k vkO;wgksa dk iz;ksx dj jgs Fks rFkk fuEu 'kSf{kd miyfC/k okys fo|ky;ksa esa v/;kid lkekU; :Ik ls ,d gh dk iz;ksx dj jgs FksA Ikkjlal] ¼2008½ ds vk/kkj ij ijEijkxr f'k{k.k fof/k;ksa ds LFkku ij dkS'ky ,oa le> ij vk/kkfjr f'k{k.k fof/k;ksa ds }kjk f'k{k.k vf/kd izHkkoh gksrk gSA Dysjhuk] ¼2009½ us ik;k fd ijh{kk ds ifj.kke esa ySiVki lfgr fo|ky; dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k] ySiVki jfgr fo|ky;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k esa lkFkZd vUrj gksrk gSA
 U;kn'kZ % esa jktdh; loksZn; dU;k fo|ky; ch&Cykd uUn uxjh fnYyh&93 ij iathd`r o"kZ 2007&08l= ds d{kk 10ds xf.kr fo"k; ds 160fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks U;kn'kZ ds :i esa fy;k x;kA 40&40Nk=ksa dks 4lewgksa esa ck¡Vk x;kA
midj.k % pkjksa lewgksa }kjk eqfnzr ikB v/;;u lewg ij izfrfØ;k gsrq Mk- egs'k dqekj eqNky }kjk fufeZr izfrfØ;k ekiuh dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ifjdYiuk ds ijh{k.k gsrq dkbZ oxZ ewY; dk mi;ksx fd;k x;kA
rF;ksa dk lkj.kh;u




dFku
Lkewg&1
Lkewg&2
SA
A
D
dqy
SA
A
D
dqy
1-eqfnzr lkexzh dks v/;;u gsrq fdl lhek rd  i;kZIr ik;k  gSA
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
28
9
3
40
27
8
5
40
Ikzfr'kr
70
22.5
7.5
100
67.5
20
12.5
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
23.41*
19.36*
2-vkius eqfnzr lkexzh esa fuEu fcUnqvkasa dks dgkrd i;kZIr ik;kA
(v)ladYiuk le>
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
23
12
5
40
22
14
4
40
Ikzfr'kr
57.5
30
12.5
100
55
35
10
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
10.96*
10.86*
 (c) Loa; dh çxfr gsrq Lo ewY;kdau
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
24
12
4
40
31
7
2
40
Ikzfr'kr
60
30
10
100
77.5
17.5
5
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
13.66*
33.46*
 (l) fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z

fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
25
11
4
40
24
12
4
40
Ikzfr'kr
62.5
27.5
10
100
60
30
10
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
15.46*
13.66*
 (n) ijh{kk dh rS;kjh gsrq

fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
21
12
7
40
27
11
2
40
Ikzfr'kr
52.5
30
17.5
100
67.5
27.5
5
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
6.46*
22.06*
3eqfnzr lkexzh esa fuEu fcUnq dgk rd mi;qDr ik;k
(v) fo"k;&oLrqfo'ys"k.k
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
22
15
3
40
27
10
3
40
Ikzfr'kr
55
37.5
7.5
100
67.5
25
7.5
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
12.36*
20.86*
(c) izLrkouk

fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
24
14
2
40
26
8
6
40
Ikzfr'kr
60
35
5
100
65
20
15
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
16.56*
16.36*
(l) Lo ijh{k.k iz'u

fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
23
11
6
40
23
12
5
40
Ikzfr'kr
57.5
27.5
15
100
57.5
30
12.5
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
10.06*
10.96*
(n) n`'; lkexzh ¼fp=] pkVZ] xzkQ ,oa lkj.kh½
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
21
10
9
40
29
6
5
40
Ikzfr'kr
52.5
25
22.5
100
72.5
15
12.5
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
5.56*
25.36*
¼b½ Lo ijh{k.k iz'uksa ds vkn'kZ mÙkj
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
22
12
6
40
25
12
3
40
Ikzfr'kr
55
30
15
100
62.5
30
7.5
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
8.56*
16.66*
¼Q½ Lo vuqns'ku iz'uksa dk izLrqrhdj.k
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
23
14
3
40
26
7
7
40
Ikzfr'kr
57.5
35
7.5
100
65
17.5
17.5
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
13.56*
16.21*
4- vki eqfnzr lkexzh ds lkFk ohfM;ks ikB ,oa ppkZ dks fdl  lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaA
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
24
13
3
40
23
11
6
40
Ikzfr'kr
60
32.5
7.5
100
57.5
27.5
15
100
dkbZ oxZ ewY;
15.01*
10.06*
5- eqfnzr ikB~; lkexzh dks vki fdl lhek rd #fp ds vuq#Ikikrs gaSA
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
26
12
2
40
27
10
3
40
Ikzfr'kr
65
30
5
100
67.5
25
7.5
100
dkbZoxZ ewY;
19.96*
20.86*



       

dFku

Lkewg&3
Lkewg&4
SA
A
D
dqy
SA
A
D
dqy
1- vkius eqfnzr lkexzh dks v/;;u gsrq fdl lhek rd  i;kZIr ik;k  gSA
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
32
6
2
40
28
9
3
40
Ikzfr'kr
80
15
5
100
70
22.5
7.5
100
dkbZoxZewY;
37.06*
23.41*
2- eqfnzr lkexzh esa fuEu fcUnq dks fdgkrd i;kZIr ik;k
 (v) ladYiuk le>
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
28
9
3
40
29
6
5
40
Ikzfr'kr
70
22.5
7.5
100
72.5
15
12.5
100
dkbZoxZewY;
23.41*
25.36*
 (c) Loa; dh çxfr gsrq Lo ewY;kdau
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
29
7
4
40
26
10
4
40
Ikzfr'kr
72.5
17.5
10
100
65
25
10
100
dkbZoxZewY;
25.66*
17.56*
 (l) fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z

fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
29
6
5
40
32
6
2
40
Ikzfr'kr
72.5
15
12.5
100
80
15
5
100
dkbZoxZewY;
25.36*
37.06*
 (n) ijh{kk dh rS;kjh gsrq

fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
23
12
5
40
31
5
4
40
Ikzfr'kr
57.5
30
12.5
100
77.5
12.5
10
100
dkbZoxZewY;
10.96*
32.56*
3- lkexzh esa fuEu fcUnq dks fdgk rd mi;qDr ik;k gSa  
(v)fo’k;&oLrqfo'ys"k.k
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
27
11
2
40
27
7
6
40
Ikzfr'kr
67.5
27.5
5
100
67.5
17.5
15
100
dkbZoxZewY;
22.06*
19.06*
(c) izLrkouk

fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
26
10
4
40
23
10
7
40
Ikzfr'kr
65
25
10
100
57.5
25
17.5
100
dkbZoxZewY;
17.56*
9.46*
(l) Lo ijh{k.k iz'u

fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
28
9
3
40
21
14
5
40
Ikzfr'kr
70
22.5
7.5
100
52.5
35
12.5
100
dkbZoxZewY;
23.41*
8.46*
(n) n`'; lkexzh ¼fp=] pkVZ] xzkQ ,oa lkj.kh½
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
24
10
6
40
24
12
4
40
Ikzfr'kr
60
25
15
100
60
30
10
100
dkbZ oxZ ewY;
11.86*
13.66*
¼b½ Lo ijh{k.k iz'uksa ds vkn'kZ mÙkj

fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
26
9
5
40
26
11
3
40
Ikzfr'kr
65
22.5
12.5
100
65
27.5
7.5
100
dkbZ oxZ ewY;
16.81*
18.61*
¼Q½ Lo vuqns'ku iz'uksa dk izLrqrhdj.k
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
25
10
5
40
29
8
3
40
Ikzfr'kr
62.5
25
12.5
100
72.5
20
7.5
100
dkbZ oxZ ewY;
14.56*
26.26*
4- lkexzh ds lkFk ohfM;ks ikB ,oa ppkZ dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaA
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
24
10
6
40
30
6
4
40
Ikzfr'kr
60
25
15
100
75
15
10
100
dkbZ oxZ ewY;
11.86*
28.96*
5-  lkexzh dks vki fdl lhek rd #fp ds vuq#Ik ikrs gaSA
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
30
8
2
40
29
11
2
40
Ikzfr'kr
75
20
5
100
72.5
27.5
5
100
dkbZoxZewY;

30.16*
24.91*



eqfnzr Lo v/;;u lkexzh dh mi;qDrrk ij izkIr rF;ksa dh vko`fÙk, vko`fÙk izfr'kr ,oa dkbZ oxZ ewY; dks rkfydk Øekad 1¼d½ o 1¼[k½ esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA fofHkUu dFkuksa ds ftl fodYi ij vf/kdka'k vko`fÙk o vko`fÙk izfr'kr gks ml dFku dks ekU;rk nh xbZ gSA                           
       rkfydk la[;k 1 ¼d½ eqfnzr ikB v/;;u lkexzh ij lewg&1 o 2 }kjk dFkukuqlkj vko`fÙk] izfr'kr ,oa dkbZ oxZ ewY; n'kkZus okyh rkfydk
                                                   *0.01Lrj ij lkFkZd  **0.05 Lrj ij lkFkZd  SA&vf/kd lhek rd A &de lhek rd D&fcYdqy ughaa rkfydk la[;k 1 ¼[k½ eqfnzr ikB v/;;u lkexzh ij Lkewg&3 ,oa Lkewg&4 }kjk dFkukuqlkj vko`fr] izfr'kr ,oa dkbZ oxZ ewY; dks n'kkZus okyh rkfydk
*0.01Lrj ij lkFkZd **0.05 Lrj ij lkFkZd SA & vf/kd lhek rd A & de lhek rd  D& fcYdqy ughaa Rkkfydk Øekad 1 ¼d½ ,oa ¼[k½ ls Li"V gS fd
Þvkius Ekqfnzr lkexzh dks v/;;u gsrq fdl lhek rd i;kZIr ik;k gaSß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li’V gS fd Ekqfnzr lkezxh dks v/;;u gsrq pkjksa v/;;u lewg ds vf/kdk'k fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaA tSls izFke lewg esa 70% fo|kFkhZ f}rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg esa 80% fo|kFkhZ ,oa prqFkZ lewg esa 70% fo|kFkhZ Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh dks mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;kasfd Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa fo’k; oLrq dks fo'ysf"kr dj ljy :i esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa ladYiuk le> dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gaSß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li’V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa ladYiuk le> dks pkjksa v/;;u lewg ds fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gSa tSls izFke lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ f}rh; lewg esa 55% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg ds 70% fo|kFkhZ ,oa prqFkZ lewg ds 72-5% fo|kFkhZ Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa ladYiuk le> dks mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksafd ladYiuk fo|kfFkZ;ksaa dh le> esa vkrh gSA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa Loa; dh çxfr gsrq Lo ewY;kdau dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li’V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa Lo;a dh izxfr gsrq Lo ewY;kadu dks pkjkasa v/;;u lewg vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gaS tSls izFke lewg esa 62-5% fo|kFkhZ f}rh; lewg esa 60% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg esaa 72-5% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 80% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksafd fo"k; oLrq ds izLrqrhdj.k ds i'pkr~ iz'u fn;s tkrs gaS ftlls fo|kFkhZ Lo ewY;kadu dj vkxs c<+rsa gSaA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li’V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z dks pkjksa v/;;u lewg vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ekurs gaS tSls izFke lewg 60% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esaa 77% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg esa 72-5% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 65% fo|kFkhZ lkexzh dks mi;qDr ekurs gaS D;ksafd ikB~; oLrq esa fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z ds ewY;kadu gsrq Lo ewY;kadu mÙkj ikB ds vUr esa fn;s tkrs gSaA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh dks ijh{kk dh rS;kjh gsrq fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gaSß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh dh ijh{kk gsrq rS;kjh dh mi;qDrrk ij pkjksa v/;;u lewg vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gaS tSls izFke lewg esa 52-5% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 77-5% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;kasfd Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh dk mn~ns'; ijh{kk dh iw.kZ rS;kjh djkuk gksrk gSA
      ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa fo’k;&oLrq fo'ys"k.k dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa fo’k;&oLrq fo'ys"k.k dh mi;qDrrk ij pkjksa lewgksa ds vf/kdka'k fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSa tSls izFke lewg esa 55% fo|kFkhZ f}rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gSa D;kasfd Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa fo"k; oLrq dk fo'ys"k.k mfpr gksrk gS tks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh le> esa vklkuh ls vk tkrk gSA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa izLrkouk dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li’V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa izLrkouk dks pkjksa lewg ds fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gaS tSls izFke lewg esa 60% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 65% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gSa D;ksafd izLrkouk fo’k; oLrq ds Li"Vhdj.k esa lgk;d gksrh gSA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa Lo ijh{k.k iz'uksa dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa Lo&ijh{k.k iz'uksa dks pkjksa v/;;u lewg ds fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gSa tSls izFke lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg esa 70% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 52-5% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksafd izR;sd fo"k; oLrq ds Ik'pkr~ Lo ijh{k.k iz'u iwNs tkrs gaSA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa n`'; lkexzh tSls & fp=] pkVZ] xzkQ ,oa lkj.kh dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSAß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo”ys’k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa n`'; lkexzh] pkVZ] xzkQ] fp= ,oa lkj.kh dks pkjksa v/;;u lewg ds fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS tSls izFke lewg esa 52-5% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 72-5% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg lewg esa 60% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 60% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksafd Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa fo"k; oLrq ds le>kus dh n`f"V ls n`'; lkexzh dks izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa Lo ijh{k.k iz'uksa ds vkn'kZ mÙkjksa dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSAß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa Loa ijh{k.k iz'uksa ds vkn'kZ mÙkj dks pkjkasa v/;;u lewg ds vf/kdka'k fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS tSls izFke lewg esa 55% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 62-5% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg esa 65% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 65% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksafd fo|kFkhZ Lo ijh{k.k iz'u gy djus ds Ik'pkr~ vkn'kZ mÙkj ls iqf"V dj ysrs gSaA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa Lo vuqns'ku iz'uksa ds izLrqrhdj.k dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSAß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa vuqns'ku iz'uksa ds izLrqrhdj.k dks pkjksa v/;;u lewgksa ds fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSa tSls izFke lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 65% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg esa 62-5% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 72-5% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksfd iz'u ml fo"k; oLrq esa ls gh gksrs gaS ftUgsa fo|kfFkZ;ksa us i<+k gSA 
       Þvki Ekqfnzr lkexzh ds lkFk ohfM;ks ikB ,oa ppkZ dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaAß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd eqfnr v/;;u ds lkFk ohfM;ks] ppkZ o xf.kr iz;ksx'kkyk dks pkjksa v/;;u lewg vf/kd lhek rd vko';d ekurs gSa tSls izFke lewg esa 60% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg esa 60% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 75% fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd vko';d ekurs gSa D;ksafd cgqr lh ckrksa dk izLrqrhdj.k mnkgj.k }kjk gks tkrk gSa tks Ekqfnzr lkexzh esa ugh gks ikrkA cgqr lhek rd og ohfM;ks }kjk Li"V gks tkrk gS rFkk ohfM;ks ikB ds i'pkr~ dksbZ dfBukbZ gks rks og ppkZ }kjk gy gks tkrh gSaA
          ÞEkqfnzr ikB~; lkexzh dks vki fdl lhek rd #fp ds vuq:Ik ikrs gaSAß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lewg dh #fp dh lhek ij pkjksa v/;;u lewgksa ds fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd #fp ds vuq:i ikrs gaS tSls izFke lewg 65% fo|kFkhZ f}rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg esa 75% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 72-5% fo|kFkhZ #fp ds vuq:i ikrs gaS D;ksafd Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa n`'; lkexzh dks iz;ksx djds #fpdj cuk;k tkrk gSA
fu"d"kZ %Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh dks v/;;u gsrq ,oa ijh{kk gsrq pkjksa v/;;u
lewgksa ds vf/kdka'k fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksafd Ekqfnzr lkexzh esa fo"k; oLrq dks ljy :i ls izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA lEiw.kZ ikB dks dbZ Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr dj chp&chp esa Lo ewY;kadu iz'u ,oa fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z fn;k tkrk gS blfy, Nk= fo"k; oLrq dks i<+dj Lo ewY;kadu vkn'kZ mÙkj }kjk feyku dj Lo izsj.kk ikdj vkxs c<+rs gaSA Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa ladYiuk ,oa izLrkouk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh le> esa vk tkrh gSa D;ksafd fo"k; oLrq dks fo'ysf"kr dj izLrqr fd;k tkrk gS lkFk gh vko';drkuqlkj n`'; lkexzh tSls & pkVZ] xzkQ] lkj.kh bR;kfn  dh izLrqrhdj.k gksus ls fo|kFkhZ dh Ik<+us esa #fp gksrh gSA nwjLFk f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa ç;qDr dh tkus okyh Lo&vuqns'ku lkexzh esa Lo&Li"Vrk] Lo&i;kZIrrk] Lo&funsZ'ku] Lo&vfHkçsj.kk ,oa Lo&vkdyu tSlh lHkh çeq[k fo'ks"krk, gksuh pkfg,A Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh dh jpuk bl çdkj dh tkuh pkfg, fd vf/kxed fcuk fdlh ckgjh lgk;rk ds i<+ ,oa le> ldsA Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh dh ikB~;oLrq dks rkfdZd <+x ls fo'ysf"kr djds Øec) :i esa ljy ,oa lqcks/k Hkk"kk esa çLrqr djuk pkfg, fd mlesa lrrrk ,oa laxrrk cuh jgsaA Lo&vuqns'ku lkexzh dks ijEijkxr f'k{kk iz.kkyh ds d{kkd{k f'k{kd dh leLr Hkwfedk,¡ ;Fkk funsZ'ku] vuqns'ku] izksRlkgu o fu;U=.k djrs gq, lEiw.kZ vf/kxe izfØ;k dks Lo;a gh lapkfyr djus esa iw.kZ:is.k leFkZ gksuk pkfg,A
LkUnHkZ xzUFk %
1 Applebee, Arthur N.Judith A. Discussion Based Approaches to Developing Understanding; Classroom Instruction & student Performance in Middle &High School English Classrooms, American Educational Research Journal(2003)  V-40, N 3; P 685-730.
2 Best, J.W., Research in Education, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
3 Butty, Jo-Anne L. (2001): Teacher Instruction, student Attitudes and Mathematics Performance among 10th and 12th grade Black and Hispanic Students, journal of Negro Education, V 70, n 1-2, P 19-37
4 Clariana, Roy  Ubiquitous Wireless Laptops in Upper Elementary Mathematics, Journal of Computers in Mathematics & Science Teaching; (2009)V 28; n 1, P 5-21.
5 Klecker,Beverly M.Pollack,Mary Anne Congruency of Research Based Literacy Instruction in High&Low Performing Schools, Reading Improvement; 2005 V 42,N3,P 149
5 Parsons, John (2008): Mathematical Games; Skill + Luck = Learning, Mathematics Teaching Incorporating Micromath; N 209, P 18-21.
6 Rice, Jeniffer King; Cronninger, Robert G.The Effect of Block Scheduling high School Mathematics Courses on Student Achievement and Teachers Use of Time: Implications for Educational Productivity. Economics of Education Review, V-21, N-6, P 599-607.2002
7 Sahoo, P.K., Padihari, J., Muchhal, and M.K.,  Effectiveness of National Open School Video Instructional Materials Presented With and Without Talkback Mode at Scondary Stage Quarterly Journal (Education Hearld).1997
8 Sharma. A. Comparison among Video Based Instructional strategies for teaching science at Class IX In terms of Achievement &Reaction. M.Ed.,DV INDORE.1998
9 Lkkgw] ih0ds0 ,oa eqNky] ,e0ds0 ¼2000½% jk"Vªh; eqDr fo|ky; ds nwjLFk f'k{k.k vf/kxe mixeksa dh mi;qDrrk dk v/;;u] Hkkjrh; vk/kqfud f'k{kk] ,u0lh0b0vkjVh0] fnYyh] o"kZ19] vad 2] vDVwcj 2000A
10 foojf.kdk ¼2004½ % eqDr fo|ky;h laLFkku] dSyk'k dkyksuh] uà fnYyhA
11 'kekZ vkj- ,- ¼2006½ % nwjorhZ f'k{kk] vkj- yky cqd fMiks] esjBA
12 xqIrk ,l-ih- o xqIrk vYdk ¼2007½% eqDr ,oa nwjLFk f'k{kk] 'kkjnk iqLrd Hkou] bykgkcknA
13 'kekZ o nwcs ¼2008½ % nwjLFk f'k{kk] jk/kk izdk'ku efUnj] vkxjkA