iwtk fo'odekZ
xq:nso
johUnz ukFk Bkdqj dk tc tUe gqvk Fkk rc lEiw.kZ Hkkjr ijra=rk dh csfM+;ksa esa
tdM+k FkkA caxky esa Bkdqj ifjokj lkaLd`frd n`f"Vdks.k ls lqlEiUu Fkk rFkk
izxfr'khy fopkjksa dk leFkZd FkkA 1867 esa tc fgUnw esyk dk vk;kstu gqvk Fkk]
rc igyh ckj ns'kHkfDr ds xhr xk;s tkus yxsA pkjksa rjQ Lok/khurk ds fy,
vkUnksyu vkjEHk gks x;k FkkA laxhr vkSj lkfgR; ds fy, lefiZr Bkdqj ifjokj dk
,sls vkUnksyuksa esa lfØ; lg;ksx fn[kykbZ iM+kA ek= 14 o"kZ dh vk;q esa
vkius ^fgUnw esykj migkj* uked dfork dh jpuk dh vkSj mldk ikB djds yksxksa dks
izHkkfor fd;kA fpÙk dh fuHkZjrk] ,drk tSlh Hkkoukvksa ij muds xhr tu&tu ij
Nkus yxsA ^lathouh lHkk* ds fy, muds }kjk fy[ks x;s xhr 1- ,d
lw=s ck¡/kk vkfN vkekjk] 2- rksekj rjs ek lWfiuw nsg 3-Hkkjr js rksj dyafdr
ijek.kq mYys[kuh; gSA
ek?k
mRlo esa ^'kksuks&'kksuks vkeknsj O;Fkk** Lons'kh xhr cgqr gh yksdfiz;
gqvkA cafde pUnz us ^oUnsekrje* xhr fy[kkA xq:nso us mls Lojkafdr fd;k ,oa
dkaxzsl vf/kos'ku esa mUgksaus Lo;a xk;k FkkA mUgksaus mls ^ns'k jkx* esa Loj
fyfic) fd;k Fkk mudh /kqu yksxksa dkss cgqr gh ilUn vk;h vkSj /khjs&/khjs
pkjksa rjQ cansekrje izlkfjr gks x;k ftl ij jkesUnz lqUnj th us dgk Fkk fd ^^mUgksus vius xhrksa esa tks lUns'k izlkfjr djuk
pkgk mls eeZK yksxksa us iw.kZ :i ls xzg.k dj fy;kA ns'k ds fy, ej feVus dk
n`<+ ladYi thou ls Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA bl izdkj dh R;kx vkSj vkRekslxZ dh
Hkkouk tkx`r dj turk dks lpsr djus dk Js; xq:nso th dks gSA**
xq:nso
}kjk jfpr ^tu x.k eu vf/kuk;d t; gs Hkkjr HkkX; fo/kkrk* ds ckjs esa Jh iqfyu
fcgkjh lsu us johUnz ukFk Bkdqj ls tkuuk pkgk fd tu x.k eu vf/kuk;d xhr mUgkasus
fdldh y{; djds fy[kk Fkk\ xq:nso us mUgsa i= }kjk Li"Vhdj.k fn;k FkkA
mUgksaus fy[kk Fkk fd muds ,d fe= gsepUnz efyd muds ikl vk;s Fks vkSj iwtk ds
volj ij nqxkZ dh ewfrZ ds lkFk&lkFk ekr`Hkwfe dks nsoh :i esa ekudj os ,d
lekjksg dk vk;kstu djuk pkgrs Fks ml lekjksg ds fy, mUgkasus xhr fy[kus dk
vuqjks/k xq:nso ls fd;k Fkk ftlds fy, mUgksaus viuh vleFkZrk izdV dh blds ckn
gh mlh o"kZ tktZ iape Hkkjr vk;s Fks mudk t;xku djus ds fy, xq:nso ls iqu%
vuqjks/k fd;k x;k xq:nso dks ,slk vuqjks/k lqudj vk'p;Z gqvk vkSj nq%[k HkhA bl
ekufld izfrfØ;k ds QyLo:i mUgksaus Hkkjr HkkX; fo/kkrk dh t; ?kks"k.kk dhA
tux.k
eu dh ,d iafDr esa iru vH;qn; ca/kqjiaFkk] tqx&tqx /kkfor tk=h dh vfHkO;fDr
gSA mUgkasus bu Hkkxrs gq;s ;kf=;ksa ds fpj lkjFkh vkSj tux.k ds vUr/kkZuh vkSj
iFk ifjpk;d] ijes'oj dh vksj ladsr fd;k ;g lkadsfrd xhr ml le; xq:nso ds ân; dh
ekufld izfrfØ;k dk ifj.kke FkkA xq:nso us ekuq"k eu dks fuHkhZd gksus dh
f'k{kk nh gS vius vkRecy dks [kksuk gh lcls cM+h ijk/khurk gS bl cU/ku ls vius
vkidks eqDr dj vkxs c<+us dh izsj.kk os nsrs gSaA
Hkkjr
ds fofHkUu lEiznk;ksa ds chp os ,drk ykuk pkgrs Fks mudh ;g /kkj.kk Fkh fd
Hkkjr gh bl ,drk ds fy, iq.; Hkwfe gSA mudk izfl) mn~cks/ku laxhr ftlesa
mUgksus vdsys gh leLr nq%[kksa dks lgt Lohdkj djds vxzlj gksus dh lykg nh gS
mUgkasus lk/kd dks iqdkj dj dgk gS&
;fn rksjs Mkd
lqus dsÅ uk vkls
rcs ,dyk pyks js
A ,dyk pyks] ,dyk pyks] ,dyk pyks js--------
;fn dsm dFkk uk
d; ¼vksjs vksjs vHkkxk½
;fn lcksb Fkkds
eq[k fQjk;s] lckg djs Hk;-------
rcs ijk.k [kqys] vks
rqj eq[k QwVs rksj eusj dFkk] ,dyk pyks
;fn lckb fQj
tk;----- ¼vksjs vksjs vks vHkkxk½
;fn xgu iFks
tkckj dkys] dsm fQjs uk pk;-------
rcs iFksj dkaVk] vks
rqb jDr ekyk pj.k rys] ,dyk pyks js-----
vFkkZr&
;fn rsjh iqdkj lqudj dksbZ u vk;s rks rw vdsyk gh py iM+s vjs vks vHkkxs ;fn
rq>ls dksbZ ckr u djs ;fn lHkh eqg fQjk ys lc rsjh iqdkj ls Mj tk;s rks rq
izk.k [kksydj vius eu dh ok.kh vdsyk gh cksyA vjs vks vHkkxs ;fn lHkh ykSV
tk;s] ;fn dfBu ekxZ ij pyrs le; rsjh vksj dksbZ fQj dj Hkh uk ns[ks rks rw vius
jkLrs is dkaVksa dks vius [kwu ls yFkiFk pj.kksa }kjk vdsys gh jkSanrk gqvk
vkxs c<+ vdsyk gh pyrk py vdsyk gh pyrk py--------
lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph
1- lsu MkW0 vuhrk] johUnz laxhr] e/; izns'k xzUFk
vdkneh] Hkksiky] e/; izns'kA
2-
'kekZ Mk0 LorU= ckyk] Hkkjrh; laxhr ,d
oSKkfud fo'ys"k.k] izfrHkk
izdk'ku fnYyh] r`rh; laLdj.k 1995A
3-
clUr] laxhr fo'kkjn] laxhr dk;kZy;]
gkFkjl] pkSchloka laLdj.k] 2002A
4-
nkl Mk0 fyfidk] laxhr 'kkL= fpUru]
dyk izdk'ku] ch0,p0;w0 okjk.klh] izFke laLdj.k 2009A
5-
?kks"k 'kkfUr nso] jfoUnz laxhr]
izdk0 jk/kd`".k izk0 fy0 nfj;kxat fnYyh] izFke fgUnh laLdj.k 1999A
iwtk fo'odekZ
'kks/k Nk=k ¼ts0vkj0,Q0½]
laxhr ,oa izn'kZu dyk
foHkkx]
bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky;]
bykgkcknA