lat;
dqekj flag
ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa ds
fodkl us jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ds {ks= esa fpUru dks ubZ fn'kk iznku dh gSA
izR;sd jk"Vª pkgs og fdruk Hkh egku gks] fcuk ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa ds
'kfDr'kkyh ugha cu ldrk gSA blh lksp us jk"Vªksa dks ^'kkfUr dh nkSM+* ds
ctk; ^gfFk;kjkas dh gksM+* esa yxk fn;kA viuh lqj{kk fpUrkvksa ds dkj.k Hkkjr
Hkh ijek.kq lEiUUk ns'k cukA ysfdu Hkkjrh; ijek.kq uhfr u rks vkØked gS vkSj u
gh fdlh iM+kslh ns'k ds fy, [krjkA Hkkjrh; ijek.kq uhfr dsoy Hkkjrh; lqj{kk
fpUrkvksa dk lek/kku djrh gSA ;g lek/kku nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa {ks=h; ijek.kq
lUrqyu LFkkfir djrk gSA ,d rjQ ;g ikfdLrku o phu dks larqfyr djrk gS rks nwljs
rjQ vesfjdk tSls ns'k dks Hkh bl {ks= ls nwj j[kus dk iz;kl djrk gSA bl izdkj
Hkkjrh; ijek.kq uhfr us dsoy {ks=h; Lrj ij cfYd oSf'od Lrj ij Hkh ijek.kq lUrqyu
(Deterence)LFkkfir fd;k gSA
lqj{kk fdlh Hkh jk"Vª dh
vfuok;Zrk gSA jk"Vªh; lqj{kk izkjEHk ls gh ,d fodV leL;k jgh gS gkykafd
ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa ds vkfo"dkj us bls vkSj Hkh tfVy cuk fn;k gSA f}rh; fo'o
;q) ds nkSjku vesfjdk }kjk fgjksf'kek o ukxklkdh ij fxjk;s x;s nks ijek.kq
ceksa us jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ds {ks= esa fparu dks ubZ fn'kk nhA izR;sd
jk"Vª ;g fopkj djus ds fy, etcwj gqvk fd D;k os ijEijkxr gfFk;kjksa ls
viuh jk"Vªh; vfLerk] ,drk] v[k.Mrk ,oa vfLrRo dks cuk;s j[k ldrs gSa\ blh
vk'kadk us iwjs fo'o esa ijek.kq 'kL=ksa dh gksM+ 'kq: dj nhA vkt ?kksf"kr
o v?kksf"kr :i esa de ls de 15&20 jk"Vªksa ds ikl ijek.kq gfFk;kj
gSaA
ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa ds izfr jk"Vªksa
dh yyd dk dkj.k jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dh lqfuf'prrk jgh gSA vc ;g yyd vUrjkZ"Vªh;
'kkfUr o lqj{kk ds fy, lcls cM+k [krjk gSA blfy, fu%'kL=hdj.k vkSj 'kL= fu;U=.k
dh ckr dh tkus yxhA bl ckr dh vko';drk eglwl dh tkus yxh fd lHkh ijek.kq laiUu
jk"Vªksa dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; uSfrdrk ds nk;js esa yk;k tk;A muls vis{kk
dh xbZ fd os viuh ijek.kq uhfr ?kksf"kr djsa vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djs fd bldk
nq:i;ksx ugha gksxkA blh lUnHkZ esa ;gkW Hkkjrh; ijek.kq uhfr dh ppkZ fd;k tk
ldrk gSA LorU=rk ds le; ls gh Hkkjr ^iw.kZ ijek.kq
fujL=hdj.k* ,oa ^ijek.kq mTkkZ ds 'kkfUriw.kZ mi;ksx* esa fo'okl djrk
gSA blds fy, Hkkjr us ;w0,u0 egklHkk esa o"kZ 1961] 1978] 1988 esa izLrko
Hkh izLrqr fd;sA lkFk gh og vkaf'kd ijek.kq ijh{k.k lfU/k ¼PTBT½
ij gLrk{kj djus okyk vxz.kh ns'k Hkh gSA vkUrfjd ,oa oká lqj{kk ds nckoksa ds
dkj.kksa ls Hkkjr dks 1974 ,oa 1998 esa ijek.kq ijh{k.k djuk iM+kA Hkkjr vc Hkh
vFkkZr ^ubZ ijek.kq uhfr* esas Hkh bu fl)kUrksa esa fo'okl djrk gSA
ijek.kq fu%'kL=hdj.k ds {ks= esa
izFke cM+k iz;kl 1963 esa vkaf'kd ijek.kq ijh{k.k laf/k ds :i esa lkeus vk;kA
blds izko/kku fuEufyf[kr gSa&
1- dksbZ Hkh
lnL; jkT; ok;qe.My] ckgjh vUrfj{k rFkk ikuh ds uhps fdlh Hkh rjg dk dksbZ
ijek.kq ijh{k.k ugha djsxkA
2- dksbZ Hkh
lnL; vius Hkw&{ks=h; leqnz rFkk [kqys leqnz esa ijek.kq ijh{k.k ugha djsxkA
3- izR;sd
lnL; jk"Vª] xSj&lnL; jk"Vªksa dks izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :i ls ijek.kq
ijh{k.k djus ds fy, mRlkfgr ugha djsxkA
Li"V gS fd Hkkjr us PTBT
ij gLrk{kj fd;k ysfdu phu] Ýkal tSls ns'k blesa 'kkfey ugha jgsA tc bu ns'kksa
us ijek.kq {kerk gkfly dj yh rc vUrjkZ"Vªh; leqnk; }kjk NPT
¼ijek.kq vizlkj laf/k½ izLrkfor fd;k x;k ftldh eq[; /kkjk;sa fuEufyf[kr gS&
1- ijek.kq 'kfDr lEiUu
jk"Vª] ijek.kq foghu jk"Vª dks ijek.kq ce cukus ds fy, rduhd ,oa
lgk;rk ugha nsaxsA
2- ijek.kq vL= foghu jk"Vª
ijek.kq ce cukus dk vf/kdkj R;kx nsaxsA
3- os jk"Vª ftuesa
ijek.kq rduhd dh {kerk gS] os mldk iz;ksx vlSfud dk;Z ds fy, djsaxsA
4- vlSfud dk;Z ds fy, iz;ksx
esa yk;s tk jgs ijek.kq fj,DVj vUrjkZ"Vªh; ijek.kq ÅtkZ ,tsalh (IAEA) ds fuxjkuh esa jgsaxsA
5- tks jk"Vª vius
ijek.kq dk;ZØeksa dks 'kkfUriw.kZ dk;ksZa ds :i esa iz;ksx djsaxs] mUgsa lHkh
rjg ds Kku o lkexzh fn;k tk;sxkA
Hkkjr us NPT
dk fojks/k djrs gq, fuEu rdZ fn;s&
1- ;g lfU/k HksnHkkoiw.kZ gSA
;g fo'o dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr djrh gS& ijek.kq lEiUu rFkk ijek.kq
foghuA
2- ;g lfU/k bl foHksn dks
fujUrj cuk;s j[kuk pkgrh gS D;ksafd ijek.kq lEiUu jk"Vª ijek.kq ijh{k.k ds
fy, LorU= gSa tcfd xSj ijek.kq lEiUu jk'Vª 'kkfUriw.kZ dk;ksZa ds fy, Hkh
ijh{k.k ugha dj ldrs gSaA
3- ;g lfU/k ^iw.kZ ijek.kq
fu%'kL=hdj.k* ds fo#) gSaA okLro esa ;g fu%'kL=hdj.k ds fy, lfU/k ugha gS cfYd
bldk y{; vizlkj gSA
4- ;g lfU/k phu tSls ijek.kq
laEiUu jk"Vª ls Hkkjr dks lqj{kk iznku ugha djrhA
5- ;g lfU/k 'kkfUriw.kZ
dk;ksZa ds fy, Hkh ijh{k.k djus ds fy, Hkkjr ij izfrcU/k yxkrh gSA
blh
HksnHkko dk fojks/k djrs gq, Hkkjr us 1974 esa 'kkfUriw.kZ ijek.kq foLQksV fd;k
tks fd Hkkjr ds jk"Vªh; fgrkas ds vuq:i gSA nwljh rjQ NPT 05-03-1970 dks ykxw gks
x;h vkSj Hkkjr ds fojks/k ds ckotwn 1995 esa vfuf'pr dky ds fy, ykxw dh x;hA
NPT ds ckn CTBT
¼O;kid ijek.kq ijh{k.k izfrcU/k lfU/k½ vfLRkRo esa vk;kA Hkkjr 1993 esa vesfjdk
ds lkFk bl lfU/k dk izLrkod Fkk ysfdu vesfjdk us ckn esa bls cnydj vius fgrksa
ds vuq:i <ky fy;kA blds eq[; izko/kku bl izdkj gSa&
1- dksbZ Hkh jk"Vª]
vkdk'k] leqnz ;k Hkwfexr ijek.kq ijh{k.k ugha djsaxsA
2- blesa ^cy iz;ksx izos'k*
dk izko/kku gSA vFkkZr ;g lfU/k rHkh ykxw gksxh tc lHkh ijek.kq lEiUu ,oa
lEHkkfor ijek.kq lEiUu jk"Vª bl ij gLrk{kj dj nsaxsA
3- lfU/k ds mYya?ku dh tkWp
ds fy, vUrjkZ"Vªh; fuxjkuh rU= LFkkfir fd;k tk;sxk
4- dksbZ Hkh jk"Vª
fujh{k.k dk vuqjks/k djus ds fy, leFkZ gksxkA
Hkkjr CTBT dk
fojks/k djrk gS ftlds fuEu dkj.k gSa&
1- ;g lfU/k HksnHkko ij
vk/kkfjr gS D;ksafd og fo'o dks nks Hkkxksa esa ckWVrh gS& ijek.kq lEiUu
,oa ijek.kq foghu jk"VªA
2- ;g lfU/k ijek.kq ijh{k.k
ij iw.kZr% jksd ugha yxkrh D;ksafd ijek.kq lEiUu jk"Vª bl le; dEI;wVj ij ijh{k.k
djus esa leFkZ gSaA
3- ;g lfU/k ;w0,u0vks0 ds y{;
iw.kZ ijek.kq fu%'kL=hdj.k dks iwjk ugha djrhA
4- ;g lfU/k Hkkjrh; lqj{kk
fpUrkvksa dk fuokj.k ugha djrh gSA
5- Hkkjr dks ^cy }kjk izos'k*
ij Hkh vkifRr gSA
6- ijek.kq 'kL=/kkjh ns'k
Lo;a ijek.kq 'kL=ksa dh izkfIr o fodkl djus ds ckn ,slh lfU/k viuk jgs FksA vc
rd vesfjdk 1029] :l 715] Ýkal 191 rFkk phu 42 ijek.kq ijh{k.k dj pqds FksA ,d
vuqeku ds vuqlkj vkt vesfjdk ds ikl 14500] :l ds ikl 2900] Ýkal ds ikl 512] fczVsu
205 rFkk phu ds ikl 284 ijek.kq ce gSA
7- dqN ns'kksa us igys NPT dk mYya?ku fd;k Fkk] vc CTBT dk Hkh mYya?ku djsaxsA
8- Ýkal o phu tks 1995 rd
ijek.kq ijh{k.k dj jgs Fks vkt os ijek.kq ijh{k.k fu"ks/k dh ckr dj jgs
gSa D;ksafd vc os brus vkdM+s o Kku bdV~Bk dj pqds Fks ftlds vk/kkj ij
dEI;wVjksa dk iz;ksx dj vuq:i.k ijh{k.k dj ldrs gSaA
tc iM+kslh jk"Vª phu }kjk
ijek.kq dk;ZØeksa dk foLrkj fd;k tk jgk Fkk rFkk ikfdLrku us Hkh pksjh fNis
ijek.kq 'kL= izkIr dj fy;k rc Hkkjr dh lqj{kk fpUrk;sa c<+us yxhA nwljh rjQ
ijek.kq lEiUu jk"Vª iw.kZ fujL=hdj.k dk ladsr ugha ns jgs Fks rks blh
dkj.k Hkkjr dks ^'kfDr 98* uke ik¡p ijek.kq ijh{k.k djus iM+sA lkFk gh Hkkjr us
dEI;wVj iz.kkyh ls Hkh ijh{k.k djus dh {kerk gkfly dj yhA
ijh{k.k ds lkFk gh Hkkjr us Lo;a
dks ijek.kq 'kfDr lEiUu ns'k ?kksf"kr fd;k ysfdu egk'kfDr;ksa us bls
ekU;rk ugha fn;kA bl ij rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h vVy fogkjh oktis;h dk dguk Fkk fd
tks gekjs ikl gS mlds fy, fdlh ds izek.k dh vko';drk ugha gSA bldk ;g vFkZ ugha
gS fd Hkkjr vc iw.kZ ijek.kq fu%'kL=hdj.k
esa fo'okl ugha djrkA vc Hkh Hkkjrh; ijek.kq uhfr fu%'kL=hdj.k
ij tksj nsrh gSA vusd vleatl dks nwj djus gsrq ubZ ijek.kq uhfr 1999
?kksf"kr dh x;h&
1- Hkkjr igys ijek.kq vL=kas
dk iz;ksx ugha djsxk (No
First Use)
2- ijek.kq vL= foghu jk"Vª
ij ijek.kq ce dk iz;ksx ugha djsxkA
3- Hkkjr U;wure vkSj fo'oluh;
ijek.kq izfrjks/kd {kerk dks cuk;s j[ksxkA
4- ijek.kq vL=ksa dk iz;ksx
jktuhfrd usr`Ro }kjkA blh ds rgr 2003 esa ukfHkdh; deku izkf/kdj.k dk xBu fd;k
x;k gS&
jktuhfrd ifj"kn &&&& v/;{k&iz/kkuea=h
dk;Zdkjh ifj"kn &&&& izeq[k&jk"Vªh; lqj{kk lykgdkj
lkefjd cy deku &&&&
usr`Ro&lsuk
5- Hkkjr vc vkSj ijh{k.k ugha
djsxkA
6- Hkkjr ijek.kq 'kfDr dk
iz;ksx vkRe j{kk ds fy, djsxkA
7- ijek.kq izkS|ksfxdh ds
fu;kZr ij dM+k fu;U=.k vFkkZr Hkkjr viuh ijek.kq izkS|ksfxdh dks gLrkUrj.k ugha
djsxkA
8- ijek.kq 'kfDr lEiUurk
gkfly djus ds ckn Hkh Hkkjr fo'o dks ijek.kq 'kfDr foghu cukus ds fy, izfrc)
gSA
9- Hkkjr dk ijek.kq geyk vius
y{; ij egkfouk'k dk n`'; mifLFkr djsxkA
10- tSfod ,oa jklk;fud
gfFk;kjksa ds vkØe.k dh fLFkfr esa ijek.kq fodYi [kqyk jgsxkA
lu~ 2010 esa ijek.kq vL= ,oa
rduhd ls lEcfU/kr nks egRoiw.kZ lEesyu gq, izFke& okf'kaxVu rFkk f}rh;&
rsgjku esaA okf'kaxVu lEesyu eq[;r% bl ckr ij dsfUnzr Fkk fd fdl izdkj ijek.kq
gfFk;kj dks vkradokfn;ksa ds gkFkksa esa tkus ls jksdk tk;A rsgjku lEesyu us bl
ckr ij cy fn;k fd 'kkfUriw.kZ dk;ksZa ds fy, ijek.kq 'kfDr ds iz;ksx dk vf/kdkj
izR;sd jk"Vª dks gSA Hkkjrh; ijek.kq uhfr nksuksa lEesyuksa dk leFkZu djrh
gSA U;w;kdZ lEesyu esa iz/kkuea=h eueksgu dk lq>ko&vUrjkZ"Vªh;
jktuhfr esa ijek.kq lUrqyu ;k vkrad lUrqyu ;k fMVjsal (Detarence)
,d egRoiw.kZ ladYiuk gSA ewyr% ;g ,d lSU; j.kuhfr gS ftlds }kjk jkT; ds vkØked
O;ogkj ij izfrca/k yxk;k tkrk gSA blesa laHkkfor vkØked jk"Vª vkØe.k ds
laHkkfor uqdlku dks ns[krs gq, vkØe.k ugha djrk gSA vFkkZr tc nks jk"Vª
ijek.kq laiau gks tkrs gSa rks os ,d nwljs ij vkØe.k ugha djrsA izR;sd jk"Vª
lEHkkfor [krjs dks ns[krs gq, vius dks vkØe.k ls jksd ysrk gSA ;gh fLFkr
ijek.kq lUrqyu ;k fMVjsal dh gSA
f}rh; fo'o;q) ds vUr rFkk mlds
ckn vesfjdk us ;s iznf'kZr fd;k fd og ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa dk iz;ksx dj ldrk gSA
vesfjdk us ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa ds fouk'k dk vkrad iSnk fd;kA vesfjdk jk"Vªifr
us lkE;okn o lksfo;r la?k ds fo#) blds iz;ksx dh odkyr dhA
1949 esa lksfo;r la?k us Hkh
ijek.kq {kerk gkfly dj yhA lksfo;r la?k ds jk"Vªifr [kzq'pso us ^'kkafriw.kZ
lgvfLrRo* dk ukjk nsrs gq, dgrs gSa fd ijek.kq laiau jk"Vª ds e/; ;q) ugha
gks ldrk gSA fQj Hkh vesfjdk dh {kerk lksfo;r la?k dh vis{kk fu.kkZ;d :i ls
vf/kd FkhA lksfo;r la?k us la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dh bl c<+r dks rc pqukSrh fn;k
tc mlus 1957 eas vUrfj{k mixzg Liqrfud NksM+kA bl ?kVuk us vesfjdk dh lksp o
uhfr cny nhA ubZ j.kuhfr ds rgr vesfjdk us ?kkrd ujlagkjksa ds iz;ksx ds ctk;
jktuhfr lkSnsckth dks izkFkfedrk nhA
vUrjkZ"Vªh; jktuhfr esa
ijek.kq larqyu dh uhfr ds izeq[k mik; bl izdkj jgs gSa&
1- f}rh; fo'o ;q) ds ckn
vesfjdk us if'peh ;qjksi ds jk"Vªksa ds lkFk feydj lkE;oknh izlkj jksdus
dh uhfr viuk;hA ,sls esa vesfjdk us ^fuokjd LVsªsVth* dk fuekZ.k fd;kA ftldk
mn~ns'; Fkk lksfo;r la?k ds fo#) cxSj fdlh izR;{k mRrstuk ds vko';d gksus ij
ijek.kq vkØe.k }kjk 'k=q dh lEiw.kZ lSfud 'kfDr dks u"V djukA
2- 1949 esa :l }kjk v.kqce
cuk ysus ds ckn vesfjdk us ^iwoZ izfrfØ;kRed LVªsVth* dk l`tu fd;kA blds vUrxZr
'k=q }kjk LVªsVftd gokbZ geys dh dk;Zokgh izkjEHk djus ds ladsr feyrs gh 'k=q
ij ijek.kq geyk dj nsuk 'kkfey FkkA
3- lksfo;r la?k dh vkØedrk
dks ns[krs gq, ^tku QkLVj Mysl* us ^lkewfgd izfrdkj dh LVsªVth* dk izfriknu fd;kA
blds vUrxZr ,slh ijek.kq 'kfDr dk fodkl djuk Fkk ftlds }kjk vius pkgs gq,
fcUnqvksa ij fuf'pr le; ij vkØe.k dj 'k=q dk fouk'k fd;k tk ldsA
4- tc lksfo;r la?k us
vUrjegk}hih; iz{ksikL=ksa dk fodkl dj fy;k rc tku dSusMh us ^Øfed
izfrjks/kdrk dh LVªsVth* dk izfriknu fd;kA Øfed izfrjks/kdrk dk mn~ns'; ijek.kq
o ijEijkxr nksuksa {ks=ksa esa larqyu LFkkfir djuk FkkA vesfjdk o lksfo;r la?k
ds chp lUrqyu LFkkfir gksus ds ckn nks uohu izdkj dh LVªsVth lkeus vk;h&
d& izfrcy LVªsVth& bldk rkRi;Z ,slh
ijek.kq {kerk fodflr djuk gS] ftlds }kjk 'k=q ds vf/kdka'k lSfud izfr"Bkuksa
o ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa dks izFke izgkj }kjk fuf'pr :i ls u"V fd;k tk ldsA
nwljh vksj 'k=q ds tokch izgkj ls cpus ds fy, f}rh; izgkjd {kerk dk gksuk vfr
vko';d gSA [k& izfruxj LVªsVth& lksfo;r la?k dk ;g fo'okl Fkk fd
izfrdkj dh {kerk dks csdkj djus ds fy, cM+s iSekus ij izfruxj LVªsVth dk fodkl
djuk vko';d gSA blds vUrxZr 'k=q ds izeq[k vkS|ksfxd uxjksa o tula[;k okys
dsUnzksa dks u"V djus gsrq ijek.kq {kerk izkIr djuk gSA :l dh n`f"V
esa vesfjdk dh turk dks bl uhfr ls ca/kd cukdj mlds }kjk ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa ds
iz;ksx ij jksd yxkus dh ;g mRre fof/k gSA
ijek.kq fMVjsal ds ifj.kke Lo:i
nks izo`fRr;kWa mHkjrh gSa& igyh izo`fRr ds vuqlkj lksfo;r la?k rFkk
vesfjdk us vius lg;ksxh fe=ksa dks Hkh fMVjsal miyC/k djk;k] bls ^,Veh Nkrk*
Hkh dgk tkrk gSA vesfjdk dk nkf;Ro vius ;wjksih; fe=ksa dh j{kk djuk Fkk rks
lksfo;r la?k us iwohZ ;wjksih; lkE;oknh ns'kksa gsrq ,Veh Nkrs dk iz;ksx fd;kA nwljh
izo`fRr& bu 'kfDr;ksa ds }kjk fu%'kL=hdj.k ij tksj fn;k x;kA
iz'u
mBRkk gS fd Hkkjrh; ijek.kq uhfr us ijek.kq fMVjsal dks fdl rjg izHkkfor fd;k
Fkk ;k ijek.kq fMVjsal ls Hkkjrh; ijek.kq uhfr dSls izHkkfor gqbZ \
if'peh
fopkjdksa ds vuqlkj Hkkjr&ikd ds e/; fMVjsal ykxw gksuk lEHko ughaA tSlk fd
fofnr gS] 1998 ls Hkkjr o ikd nksuksa ijek.kq 'kfDr lEiUu jk"Vª gSA if'peh
'kfDr;ksa dk ekuuk gS fd ;fn Hkkjr ijek.kq dk;ZØeksa dk ifjR;kx djsxk rks
ikfdLrku Lor% dj nsxkA ysfdu Hkkjr dk ekuuk gS fd Hkkjrh; ijek.kq dk;ZØe fdlh
Hkh ns'k fo'ks"k ds izfr ugha cfYd jk"Vªh; j{kk o izfrj{kk ds fy, gSA
2009
esa igyh ckj ikd ds rRdkyhu jk"Vªifr Jh vkflQ vyh tjnkjh us No
first use dh ladYiuk dk leFkZu fd;k tcfd Hkkjr }kjk vkjaHk
ls gh ;s ekU;rk Lohdkj dh tkrh jgh gSA vesfjdk lfgr if'peh ns'kksa ds vuqlkj
Hkkjr ,d mRrjnk;h jk"Vª gS ftlds ikl mPprj j.kuhfr gS ftlds fuEu dkj.k
gSa&
1- Hkkjr us U;wUkre ijek.kq
izfrjks/k dh {kerk ij cy fn;k vkSj Hkkjr gfFk;kjksa dh nkSM+ dk leFkZd ugha gSA
2- vkt rd Hkkjr dk ijek.kq
gfFk;kj ;k lkexzh ds voS/k izlkj dk dksbZ izek.k ugha gSA
3- Hkkjr NPT rFkk CTBT ij gLrk{kj u djus ds
ckotwn budh lHkh ekU;rkvksa dk ikyu djrk gSA
4- Hkkjr esa ijek.kq
gfFk;kjksa ij fu;U=.k ukxfjd ljdkj dk gS] lSU; iz'kklu ;k ljdkj ds ikl ugha gSA
fu"d"kZr% dgk tk ldrk
gS fd nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa Hkh ijek.kq larqyu ykxw gS vkSj bldh lQyrk cgqr dqN
ikfdLrku ds la;e o vuq'kklu ij vk/kkfjr gSA tqykbZ 2013 esa ikfdLrku eqfLye yhx
¼,u½ ikVhZ ds Jh uokt 'kjhQ us iz/kkuea=h dh 'kiFk yhA vk'kk dh tkuh pkfg, fd
;g ljdkj vk'kkrhr la;e o vuq'kklu iznf'kZr djsxhA
vUrjkZ"Vªh;
jktuhfr esa ,d izeq[k leL;k ;g gS fd ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa dks vkradokfn;ksa ds
gkFkksa esa igq¡pus ls dSls jksdk tk;A 2010 esa okf'kaxVu esa vk;ksftr ijek.kq
lEesyu blh ij dsfUnzr FkkA fuf'pr :i ls tc rd cM+s jk"Vªksa rd ijek.kq
gfFk;kj lhfer gS] fpark dk fo"k; ugha gS ysfdu vc mRrjh dksfj;k] bZjku]
ikfdLrku] b.Mksusf'k;k vkfn ns'k Hkh ijek.kq {kerk dk nkok djrs gSaA bu ns'kksa
dh 'kklu iz.kkyh vkradokfn;ksa ds ncko dks >syus esa l{ke ugha gSA ;gk¡ ls
ijek.kq fjlko dh lEHkkouk c<+ tkrh gSA ;fn ;g fjlko ^ijek.kq gfFk;kj O;kikj*
esa cny tkrk gS rks fo'o dk fouk'k fuf'pr gS] lEiw.kZ ekuork dk fouk'k gks
tk;sxkA t;&ijkt; dk fu.kZ; djus okyk dksbZ ugha cpsxkA
iz'u
mBrk gS fd D;k Hkkjrh; ijek.kq uhfr rdZ laxr gS\ cgqr ls fo}kuksa dk ekuuk gS
fd vc Hkkjr ijek.kq rduhd {kerk gkfly dj fy;k gS vr% bls NPT,
CTBT tSls ijek.kq lfU/k;ksa ij gLrk{kj dj nsus pkfg,A
blls Hkkjr dks u dsoy lkefjd ,oa vkfFkZd ykHk gksxk cfYd if'peh ns'kksa ls
laca/k Hkh lq/kjsaxsA lqj{kk ifj"kn esa LFkk;h lnL;rk dk nkok Hkh etcwr
gksxkA
esjs fopkj
ls fo}kuksa dk ;s er Bhd ugha gSA vesfjdk lfgr vusd ns'kksa us Hkkjrh; ijek.kq
uhfr dks ekU;rk nsdj gh flfoy {ks= esa ijek.kq lg;ksx dk le>kSrk fd;s gSaA
bl dM+h esa Ýkal] :l] ukehfo;k] dtkfdLrku] nf{k.k dksfj;k] dukMk] eaxksfy;k
tSls vusd jk"Vª 'kkfey gSaA vusd ns'k LFkk;h lnL;rk dk leFkZu Hkh djrs
gSaA
Hkkjr lEiw.kZ izHkqRo laiau ,oa
yksdrkaf=d ns'k gSA og voljokfnrk dk [k.Mu djrk gSA og vkt Hkh NPT
o CTBT ds HksnHkkoiw.kZ izko/kku dk
fojks/k djrk gSA bl lfU/k esa Hkkjr ,d gh 'krZ ij gLrk{kj djsxk fd Hkkjr Hkh
vU; ikap 'kfDr;ksa ds lkFk gh ijek.kq 'kfDr lEiUu ns'k ?kksf"kr gksA
lUnHkZ
xzaFk lwph&
1- Chand A Nuclear Policy &National Security, Mittal Publication, New Delhi, 1993.
2- Pathak, K.K. Nuclear Policy of India, a Third World Perspective, Gitanjali Prakashan, New Delhi, 1980.
3-
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iq"is'k ,oa tSu Jhiky ¼2000½] vUrjkZ"Vªh; lEcU/k] ehuk{kh izdk'ku]
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4-
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Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr ,oa fo'ys"k.k] fdrkc egy] bykgkckn] 1999-
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j{kk v/;;u 'kks/k lfefr] egjktxat ¼m0iz0½] v/kZokf"kZd izdk'ku]
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2001-
7-
nhf{kr]
ts0,u0 % Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr] ¼2004½] izHkkr izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh
8-
iar
iq"is'k] vUrjkZ"Vªh; laXkBu] VkVk eSDxzkfgy ifCyf'kax dEiuh fyfeVsM]
ubZ fnYyh] 2008-
9-
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21oha 'krkCnh esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; lEcU/k] VkVk eSDxzkfgy] ubZ fnYyh] 2008-
10-
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jked`".k] flag Mk0 jkds'k] flag Mk0 jtoar] ^fo'o ds izeq[k LVsªVftd fpard*]
'kkjnk iqLrd Hkou] bykgkckn] 2011] ist 181&193A
lat; dqekj
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iwoZ 'kks/k
Nk=] jktuhfr foKku foHkkx]
ch0,p0;w0]
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