दुग्ध एवम् उसका औषधीय उपयोग

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       loZnk funksZ"k vFkkZr~ nks"k jfgr] thou ds xq.kksa ls ;qDr ^^izk;'kks e/kqjfefr izk/kkU;su e/kqje~¹** vFkkZr~ iz/kku :i ls e/kqj jl dks nqX/k dgrs gSaA izk;% nqX/k e/kqj jl okyk gh gksrk gS ijUrq tSls Å¡Vuh dk nw/k bZ"kr~ yo.k ¼vYi yo.k jl;qDr½ jl okyk gksrk gS] cdjh dk nw/k d"kk; jl okyk gksrk gSA nqX/k lHkh izk.k/kkfj;ksa ds fy;s lkRE; vFkkZr~ fgrdkjh gSA

       leLr nqX/k izk;% e/kqj jl;qDr] fLuX/k] 'khr] iqf"V nsus okys] c`ag.k 'kjhj dks c<+kus okys] ¼o`.;½ oh;Zo/kZd] ¼es/;½ cqf) ds fy;s fgrdkjh] ¼cY;½ 'kjhj dks cy nsus okys] ¼euLdj½ eu dks izlUu djus okys] ¼thouh;½ thou ds fy;s fgrdkjh] ¼{kegj½ FkdkoV dks feVkus okys rFkk 'okl vkSj dkl ¼dQ] dkl dks NksM+dj 'ks"k leLr dklksa dks½ feVkus okys gksrs gSaA nqX/k jDrfiÙk dks uk'k djus ds lkFk&lkFk VwVs gq, dks tksM+us okyk gSA leLr izkf.k;ksa ds fy;s lkRE; nks"kksa dk 'keu vFkkZr~ LoLFkku esa fLFkr nks"kksa dks 'kkUr djus okyk gS] I;kl dk uk'k djus okyk] vfXuo/kZd] {kh.k vkSj {kr jksfx;ksa ds fy;s fgrdkjh] ik.Mq jksx] okrfiÙk] 'kks"k] xqYe] mnj] vrhl Toj ¼th.kZ Toj½] nkg vkSj 'kksFk jksx esa fo'ks"k djds iF; vkSj fgrdkjh gSA 'kqØjksxksa esa] ew=d`PNª jksx esa rFkk eykojks/k esa ;s iF; gSaA nqX/k uL; deZ esa] voxkgu fØ;k esa vkysiu esa] oeu esa] vkLFkkiu esa] cfLr esa] fojspu fØ;k esa] LusgdeZ esa] leLr LFkkuksa ij jlk;u vFkkZr~¹ okthdj.k vkfn esa Hkh iz;qDr gksrk gSA nqX/k vkB izdkj ds gksrs gSa²&

       1- xk; dk nqX/k 2- HkSal dk nqX/k 3- Å¡Vuh dk nqX/k     4- ?kksM+h dk nqX/k

       5- cdjh dk nqX/k 6- HksM+ dk nqX/k 7- gfFkuh dk nqX/k 8- fL=;ksa dk nqX/k

1- xksnqX/k&

Loknq 'khra e`nq fLuX/ka cgya 'y{.kfifPNye~A xq# eUna izlUua p xO;a n'kxq.ka i;%AA³

       e/kqj] 'khry] e`nq] fLuX/k] cgy] 'y{.k] fifPNy] xq#] eUn vkSj izlUu& bu nl xq.kksa okyk xk; dk nw/k gksrk gSA n'k xq.kksa dh lekurk ls nqX/k vkst dks c<+krk gSA rnsoaxq.kesokSt% lkekU;knfHko/kZ;sr~A izoja thouh;uka {khjeqDra jlk;ue~AA⁴ ftl izdkj ty esa thou dk xq.k gksrk gSA mlh izdkj nqX/k esa Hkh thou ds xq.k gaSA

2- efg"kh ¼HkSal½ dk nqX/k&

       efg"kh.kka xq#rja xO;kPNhrrja i;%A LusgkU;wuefunzk; fgreR;Xu;s p rr~AA⁵ HkSal dk nqX/k xk; ds nqX/k ls Hkkjh] xk; ds nqX/k ls B.Mk vkSj mlesa Lusg vFkkZr~ ?kh Hkh vf/kd gksrk gS] funzk u vkus okys ds fy;s rFkk vfXu ds cgqr c<+us esa ;g fgrdkjh gksrk gSA vkpk;Z trqd.kZ us Hkh dgk gS& ^^xq# 'khra fLuX/krja ekfg"kefr cY;a c`ag.kapkX;e~** vFkkZr~ HkSal dk nqX/k xq#] 'khr vkSj vf/kd fLuX/k gksrk gS] vf/kd cyo/kZd rFkk c`ag.k ¼'kjhj dks mifpr djus okyk½ esa Js"B gksrk gSA lqJqrlafgrk esa Hkh dgk x;k gS& ^^xO;kr~ fLuX/krje~**⁶ vFkkZr~ HkSal dk nqX/k xk; ds nqX/k ls vf/kd fLuX/k gksrk gSA

3- m"Vªh {khj ¼Å¡Vuh½ dk nqX/k&

      ^^#{kkS.kka {khjeq"Vªh.kkeh"kRlyo.ka y?kqA 'kLra okrdQkukgfØfe& 'kksQksnjk'kZlke~AA**⁷

       Å¡Vuh dk nw/k #{k] y?kq vkSj lkyo.k vFkkZr~ dqN yo.k jl okyk gksrk gS] ;g e/kqj jl ds vuqjl ls tkuuk pkfg;sA tSlk fd ^pjdlafgrk* ds ^nh?kZfTtforh;* v/;k; esa dgk x;k gS& ^izk;'kks e/kqje*⁸ vFkkZr~ Å¡Vuh dk nw/k izk;'k% e/kqj gksrk gS] ,slk dgk x;k gS u fd loZFkk ¼lEiw.kZ :i ls½ e/kqj gh gksrk gSA Å¡Vuh dk nqX/k okr uk'kd] dQ uk'kd] blds vfrfjDr vkukg] d`fe] 'kksQ] mnj ,oa v'kZ jksxksa esa Hkh fgrdkjh gSA

4- ?kksM+h ;k ,d [kqj okys i'kqvksa dk nqX/k&

cY;a LFkS;Zdja loZeq..ka pSd'kQa ¶;%A lkEya lyo.ka :{ka 'kk[kkokrgja y?kqAA⁹

       ,d [kqj okys ?kksM+h ;k x/kh] [kPpj vkfn tkuojksa dk nw/k cy dkjd] 'kjhj dks fLFkj cukus okyk] m".k] vEy&yo.k jl] #{k] gkFk ik¡o ds okrfodkjksa dk uk'k djus okyk vkSj y?kq gSA nwljs nw/kksa dh 'khrrk dh vis{kk oMok ¼?kksM+h½ dk nw/k m".k gksrs gq, Hkh ew= vkSj e/kq dh vis{kk 'khr gh gksrk gSA

5- Nkx ¼cdjh½ dk nqX/k&

Nkxa d"kk;e/kqja 'khra xzkfg i;ks y?kqA jDrfiÙkkfrlkj?ua {k;dklTojkige~AA¹⁰

cdjh dk nqX/k d"kk;] e/kqj] 'khry] laxzkfg ,oa y?kq gksrk gSA cdjh dk nqX/k jDrfiÙk rFkk vfrlkj dk uk'k djus okyk gSA blds vfrfjDr {k;] dkl] Toj esa Hkh cdjh ds nqX/k dks vkS"k/kh; :i ls mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA

6- vfodk ¼HksaM½ dk nqX/k& fgDdk'okldja rw".ka fiÙk'ys.eyekfode~A gfLruhuka i;ks cY;a xq# LFkS;Zdja ije~AA¹¹ HksM+h dk nqX/k& fgDdk] 'okl jksx mRiUu djus okyk] xje rFkk fiÙk ,oa dQ dks mRiUu djus okyk gksrk gSA

7- gfLruh ¼gfFkuh½ dk nqX/k& gfFkuh dk nqX/k xq# rFkk 'kjhj dks n`<+ djus okyk gksrk gSA ;|fi gfLruh ¼gfFkuh½ ds {khj vkfn dk iz;ksx 'kkL= esa ugh dgk x;k gSS rFkkfi buds dfFkr xq.kksa dks tkudj ;Fkko';d bldk iz;ksx djuk pkfg;sA

8- L=h dk nqX/k& thoua c`ag.ka lkRE;a Lusgua ekuq"ka i;%A ukoua jDrfiÙks p riZ.ka pkf{k'kwfyuke~AA<sup>12</sup> fL=;ksa dk nqX/k thouh;] c`ag.kh;] 'kjhj ds fy;s lkRE;] Lusgd] uL; ds fy;s jDrfiÙk esa fgrdkjh] vk¡[k ds nq[kus esa riZ.k djus ds fy;s mÙke gSA

nqX/k ls cus mi;ksxh inkFkZ& blds vfrfjDr nqX/k ls cus inkFkZ tSls nf/k] eV~Bk] uouhr ¼eD[ku½ rFkk ?k`r Hkh vkS"k/k ds :i esa mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS&

nf/k& ihul] vfrlkj] 'khrtU; fo"keToj] v#fp] ew=d`PNª vkSj LokHkkfod d`"krk esa ngh mÙke gSA lj% ¼ngh ds Åij dh eykbZ½ 'kqØo/kZd ¼'kqØ dh o`f) djus okyh½ gksrh gSA ngh dk e.M LoPN nzoHkkx ¼eLrq½] dQ&okr uk'kd gksrk gSA

rØ ¼eV~Bk½& 'kksQ] v"kZ] xzg.kh] ew=?kkr] mnj jksx] v#fp] LusgdeZtU; jksxksa esa] ik.Mqjksx esa rFkk la;ksxtU; fo"k esa NkN vkS"k/k :i esa mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA

uouhr ¼eD[ku½ eD[ku] laxzkgh] vfXunhid] â|] xzg.kh] v'kZjksx&uk'kd] vfnZr rFkk v:fp dks feVkrk gSA rktk eD[ku gh vf/kd xq.kdkjh gksrk gSA

?k`r& Le`frcq);fXu'kqØkSt% dQesnksfoo/kZue~AA¹³ xk; ds ?kh ls Lej.k 'kfDr] cqf)] vfXu 'kqØ] vkst] dQ&esn] c<+rk gSA okr] fiÙk] fo"k] mUekn] 'kks"k] nkSHkkZX;] v'kqHk ,oa Toj dk uk'kd gSA lHkh Lusgksa esa ?k`r mÙke gS] 'khry] e/kqj gSA

       ih;w"k] eksjV vkSj vusd izdkj ds fdykV& ih;w"k ¼rkth C;kbZ gqbZ eknk i'kq dk nw/k] [khy½ eksjV ¼;gh ih;w"k tc vxys fnu rd LoPN ugha gksrk] rks bldks eksjV dgrs gS½] fdykV ¼ftlesa nw/k ls Lusg Hkkx fudky fy;k tk;½ rFkk bl izdkj dh vU; oLrq,¡ ftudh vfXu c<+h gqbZ gks ;k ftudks vfunzk jksx gks] muds fy;s lq[knk;d gSA ;s xq#] r`fIrdkjd ikSf"Vd] oh;Zo)Zd ,oa okruk'kd gSaA

blds vfrfjDr o`{kksa ds nqX/k Hkh vkS"k/kh; :i esa mi;ksx esa yk;s tkrs gSa&

      rhu o`{kksa dk nqX/k 'kks/ku deZ esa mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA os rhu o`{k gSa&

1- Luqgh ¼Fkwgj½  2- vdZ ¼vkd½  3- v'eUrdA

       v'eUrd dk nqX/k oeu ds fy;s( Luqgh dk nqX/k fojspu ds fy;s vkSj vkd dk nqX/k oeu vkSj fojspu nksuksa dk;ksaZ ds fy;s iz;qDr gksrk gSA

       bl izdkj xk; vkfn ds vkB izdkj ds nqX/k rFkk rhu o`{kksa ds nqX/kksa ds lsou ls dbZ izdkj ds jksxksa ls NqVdkjk feyrk gSA budk lHkh izk.k/kkfj;ksa ds fy;s mfpr ek=k esa lsou djuk vR;f/kd fgrdkjh ,oa ykHkdkjh gSA rFkk izk.k/kkfj;ksa ds fy;s thouh; xq.kksa ls ;qDr gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ;s nqX/k mÙke vkS"kf/k ds :i esa mi;ksxh gSaA

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