lR;ohj
'kks/k Nk=] pkS- pj.k flag fo- fo- esjB
Vh-th-Vh- ¼xf.kr½] fnYyh iz'kklu
nwjLFk f'k{kk esa ftrus
Hkh 'kks/k gq, gS muesa izeq[k #i ls ikB;Øe esa lfEefyr gksus ds dkj.k iznÙk
dk;Z lUrqf"V] nwjLFk f'k{kk ds izfr n`f"Vdks.k] ikB;Øe ds Lo:i]
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh leL;k,a ,oa ohfM;ks dk;ZØe ij gq, gSaA eqfnzr ikB lkexzh 'kSf{kd
miyfC/k ,oa vf/kxe esa fdl lhek rd lgk;d gS] vHkh rd bl vksj /;ku ugh fn;k x;k
gSA izLrqr v/;;u }kjk bldh mi;ksfxrk dks [kkstus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSaA
IkwoZ v/;;uksa dh leh{kk % jk"Vªh;
f'k{kk uhfr 1986 esa Hkh nwjLFk f'k{kk ds
egÙo dks Lohdkj fd;k gSA nwjLFk f'k{kk ds {ks= esa ijEijkxr f'k{k.k] ekSf[kd f'k{k.k
fof/k;ka] ikB~;Øe] eqfnzr lkexzh] ohfM;ks ikB] vË;kid ppkZ ,oa lEidZ dk;ZØeksa
dh xfrfof/k;ksa ij vusd vË;;u gq, gSA lkgw ,oa efyd ¼1994½] ifMgkjh ,oa eqNky ¼1997½ us vius v/;;uksa es ik;k
fd ohfM;ks ikB ds Ik'pkr~ v/;kid ppkZ okys lewg dh miyfC/k vf/kd FkhA 'kekZ
¼1998½ }kjk v/;;u esa ik;k x;k fd dsoy ohfM;ks ikB]
ohfM;ks ikB ,oa ppkZ dh vis{kk ohfM;ks ikB ds i'pkr~ O;k[;ku vkO;wg dks vf/kd
Js"Brj ik;k x;kA lkgw
,oa [kku ¼1999½] us vius v/;;u eas ik;k fd v/;kid cky dsfUnzr f'k{kk ,oa 'kSf{kd
izkS|ksfxdh dks vf/kd oakNuh; ikrs gSaA lkgw ,oa eqNky ¼2000½
us ik;k fd dsoy eqfnzr ikB v/;;u ,oa eqfnzr ikB $ ohfM;ks ikB lewg ds fo|kFkhZ
Hkh eqfnzr lkexzh ds lkFk ohfM;ks ikB ds Ik'pkr~ ppkZ dks vko';d ekurs gq,
ldkjkRed izfrfØ;k O;Dr djrs gaSSaA cVh ,oa ,y- ¼2001½ us ik;k fd xf.kr ds izfr mPp n`f"Vdks.k j[kus
okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k xf.kr ds izfr fuEu n`f"Vdks.k j[kus
okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls vf/kd FkhA jkbl] fdax- Øksfuatj] ¼2002½ us ik;k fd v/;kid ds
fofHkUu f'k{k.k vkO;wgksa ,oa d{kk ds le; izcU/ku ds lkFk Cykd 'kSMwfyax lkFkZd
,oa /kukRed :Ik ls lEcfU/kr gSA ,iyhch] ¼2003½ us ik;k fd ppkZ vk/kkfjr mikxeksa] fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dh Hkk"kk;h miyfC/k ls lkFkZd :Ik ls lEcfU/kr gSA Dysdj] iksykd]¼2005½ us ik;k fd mPp 'kSf{kd
miyfC/k okys fo|ky;ksa esa v/;kid lkekU; :Ik ls rhu f'k{k.k vkO;wgksa dk iz;ksx
dj jgs Fks rFkk fuEu 'kSf{kd miyfC/k okys fo|ky;ksa esa v/;kid lkekU; :Ik ls ,d
gh dk iz;ksx dj jgs FksA Ikkjlal] ¼2008½ ds vk/kkj ij ijEijkxr f'k{k.k fof/k;ksa ds LFkku
ij dkS'ky ,oa le> ij vk/kkfjr f'k{k.k fof/k;ksa ds }kjk f'k{k.k vf/kd
izHkkoh gksrk gSA Dysjhuk] ¼2009½ us
ik;k fd ijh{kk ds ifj.kke esa ySiVki lfgr fo|ky; dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k] ySiVki
jfgr fo|ky;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k esa lkFkZd vUrj gksrk gSA
U;kn'kZ % esa jktdh; loksZn; dU;k
fo|ky; ch&Cykd uUn uxjh fnYyh&93 ij iathd`r o"kZ 2007&08l= ds
d{kk 10ds xf.kr fo"k; ds 160fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks U;kn'kZ ds :i esa fy;k x;kA
40&40Nk=ksa dks 4lewgksa esa ck¡Vk x;kA
midj.k % pkjksa lewgksa }kjk eqfnzr
ikB v/;;u lewg ij izfrfØ;k gsrq Mk- egs'k dqekj eqNky }kjk fufeZr izfrfØ;k
ekiuh dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ifjdYiuk ds ijh{k.k gsrq dkbZ oxZ ewY; dk mi;ksx fd;k
x;kA
rF;ksa dk
lkj.kh;u
|
dFku
|
Lkewg&1
|
Lkewg&2
|
|||||||||||||||
|
SA
|
A
|
D
|
dqy
|
SA
|
A
|
D
|
dqy
|
||||||||||
|
1-eqfnzr lkexzh dks v/;;u gsrq fdl lhek rd i;kZIr ik;k
gSA
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
28
|
9
|
3
|
40
|
27
|
8
|
5
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
70
|
22.5
|
7.5
|
100
|
67.5
|
20
|
12.5
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
23.41*
|
19.36*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
2-vkius eqfnzr lkexzh esa fuEu fcUnqvkasa dks dgkrd
i;kZIr ik;kA
(v)ladYiuk le>
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
23
|
12
|
5
|
40
|
22
|
14
|
4
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
57.5
|
30
|
12.5
|
100
|
55
|
35
|
10
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
10.96*
|
10.86*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
(c) Loa; dh çxfr gsrq Lo ewY;kdau
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
24
|
12
|
4
|
40
|
31
|
7
|
2
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
60
|
30
|
10
|
100
|
77.5
|
17.5
|
5
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
13.66*
|
33.46*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
(l)
fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
25
|
11
|
4
|
40
|
24
|
12
|
4
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
62.5
|
27.5
|
10
|
100
|
60
|
30
|
10
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
15.46*
|
13.66*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
(n)
ijh{kk dh rS;kjh gsrq
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
21
|
12
|
7
|
40
|
27
|
11
|
2
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
52.5
|
30
|
17.5
|
100
|
67.5
|
27.5
|
5
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
6.46*
|
22.06*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
3eqfnzr lkexzh esa fuEu fcUnq dgk rd mi;qDr ik;k
(v) fo"k;&oLrqfo'ys"k.k
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
22
|
15
|
3
|
40
|
27
|
10
|
3
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
55
|
37.5
|
7.5
|
100
|
67.5
|
25
|
7.5
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
12.36*
|
20.86*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
(c) izLrkouk
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
24
|
14
|
2
|
40
|
26
|
8
|
6
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
60
|
35
|
5
|
100
|
65
|
20
|
15
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
16.56*
|
16.36*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
(l) Lo ijh{k.k iz'u
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
23
|
11
|
6
|
40
|
23
|
12
|
5
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
57.5
|
27.5
|
15
|
100
|
57.5
|
30
|
12.5
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
10.06*
|
10.96*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
(n) n`'; lkexzh ¼fp=] pkVZ] xzkQ ,oa lkj.kh½
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
21
|
10
|
9
|
40
|
29
|
6
|
5
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
52.5
|
25
|
22.5
|
100
|
72.5
|
15
|
12.5
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
5.56*
|
25.36*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
¼b½ Lo ijh{k.k iz'uksa ds vkn'kZ mÙkj
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
22
|
12
|
6
|
40
|
25
|
12
|
3
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
55
|
30
|
15
|
100
|
62.5
|
30
|
7.5
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
8.56*
|
16.66*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
¼Q½ Lo vuqns'ku iz'uksa dk izLrqrhdj.k
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
23
|
14
|
3
|
40
|
26
|
7
|
7
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
57.5
|
35
|
7.5
|
100
|
65
|
17.5
|
17.5
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
13.56*
|
16.21*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
4- vki
eqfnzr lkexzh ds lkFk ohfM;ks ikB ,oa ppkZ dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaA
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
24
|
13
|
3
|
40
|
23
|
11
|
6
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
60
|
32.5
|
7.5
|
100
|
57.5
|
27.5
|
15
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZ oxZ ewY;
|
15.01*
|
10.06*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
5- eqfnzr
ikB~; lkexzh dks vki fdl lhek rd #fp ds vuq#Ikikrs gaSA
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
26
|
12
|
2
|
40
|
27
|
10
|
3
|
40
|
||||||||
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
65
|
30
|
5
|
100
|
67.5
|
25
|
7.5
|
100
|
|||||||||
|
dkbZoxZ ewY;
|
19.96*
|
20.86*
|
|||||||||||||||
|
dFku
|
Lkewg&3
|
Lkewg&4
|
||||||||
|
SA
|
A
|
D
|
dqy
|
SA
|
A
|
D
|
dqy
|
|||
|
1- vkius eqfnzr lkexzh dks v/;;u gsrq fdl lhek
rd i;kZIr ik;k gSA
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
32
|
6
|
2
|
40
|
28
|
9
|
3
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
80
|
15
|
5
|
100
|
70
|
22.5
|
7.5
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZoxZewY;
|
37.06*
|
23.41*
|
||||||||
|
2- eqfnzr lkexzh esa fuEu fcUnq dks fdgkrd i;kZIr
ik;k
(v) ladYiuk le>
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
28
|
9
|
3
|
40
|
29
|
6
|
5
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
70
|
22.5
|
7.5
|
100
|
72.5
|
15
|
12.5
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZoxZewY;
|
23.41*
|
25.36*
|
||||||||
|
(c) Loa; dh çxfr gsrq Lo ewY;kdau
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
29
|
7
|
4
|
40
|
26
|
10
|
4
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
72.5
|
17.5
|
10
|
100
|
65
|
25
|
10
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZoxZewY;
|
25.66*
|
17.56*
|
||||||||
|
(l) fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
29
|
6
|
5
|
40
|
32
|
6
|
2
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
72.5
|
15
|
12.5
|
100
|
80
|
15
|
5
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZoxZewY;
|
25.36*
|
37.06*
|
||||||||
|
(n) ijh{kk dh rS;kjh gsrq
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
23
|
12
|
5
|
40
|
31
|
5
|
4
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
57.5
|
30
|
12.5
|
100
|
77.5
|
12.5
|
10
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZoxZewY;
|
10.96*
|
32.56*
|
||||||||
|
3- lkexzh esa fuEu fcUnq dks fdgk rd mi;qDr ik;k
gSa
(v)fo’k;&oLrqfo'ys"k.k
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
27
|
11
|
2
|
40
|
27
|
7
|
6
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
67.5
|
27.5
|
5
|
100
|
67.5
|
17.5
|
15
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZoxZewY;
|
22.06*
|
19.06*
|
||||||||
|
(c) izLrkouk
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
26
|
10
|
4
|
40
|
23
|
10
|
7
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
65
|
25
|
10
|
100
|
57.5
|
25
|
17.5
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZoxZewY;
|
17.56*
|
9.46*
|
||||||||
|
(l) Lo ijh{k.k iz'u
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
28
|
9
|
3
|
40
|
21
|
14
|
5
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
70
|
22.5
|
7.5
|
100
|
52.5
|
35
|
12.5
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZoxZewY;
|
23.41*
|
8.46*
|
||||||||
|
(n) n`'; lkexzh ¼fp=] pkVZ] xzkQ ,oa lkj.kh½
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
24
|
10
|
6
|
40
|
24
|
12
|
4
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
60
|
25
|
15
|
100
|
60
|
30
|
10
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZ oxZ ewY;
|
11.86*
|
13.66*
|
||||||||
|
¼b½ Lo ijh{k.k iz'uksa ds vkn'kZ mÙkj
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
26
|
9
|
5
|
40
|
26
|
11
|
3
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
65
|
22.5
|
12.5
|
100
|
65
|
27.5
|
7.5
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZ oxZ ewY;
|
16.81*
|
18.61*
|
||||||||
|
¼Q½ Lo vuqns'ku iz'uksa dk izLrqrhdj.k
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
25
|
10
|
5
|
40
|
29
|
8
|
3
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
62.5
|
25
|
12.5
|
100
|
72.5
|
20
|
7.5
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZ oxZ ewY;
|
14.56*
|
26.26*
|
||||||||
|
4- lkexzh ds lkFk ohfM;ks ikB ,oa ppkZ dks fdl
lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaA
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
24
|
10
|
6
|
40
|
30
|
6
|
4
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
60
|
25
|
15
|
100
|
75
|
15
|
10
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZ oxZ ewY;
|
11.86*
|
28.96*
|
||||||||
|
5- lkexzh dks vki fdl lhek rd #fp ds vuq#Ik
ikrs gaSA
|
fo|kfFkZ;ksadhla[;k
|
30
|
8
|
2
|
40
|
29
|
11
|
2
|
40
|
|
|
Ikzfr'kr
|
75
|
20
|
5
|
100
|
72.5
|
27.5
|
5
|
100
|
||
|
dkbZoxZewY;
|
30.16*
|
24.91*
|
||||||||
eqfnzr
Lo v/;;u lkexzh dh mi;qDrrk ij izkIr rF;ksa dh vko`fÙk, vko`fÙk izfr'kr ,oa dkbZ
oxZ ewY; dks rkfydk Øekad 1¼d½ o 1¼[k½ esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA fofHkUu dFkuksa
ds ftl fodYi ij vf/kdka'k vko`fÙk o vko`fÙk izfr'kr gks ml dFku dks ekU;rk nh
xbZ gSA
rkfydk la[;k 1 ¼d½ eqfnzr
ikB v/;;u lkexzh ij lewg&1 o
2 }kjk dFkukuqlkj vko`fÙk] izfr'kr ,oa dkbZ oxZ ewY; n'kkZus okyh rkfydk
*0.01Lrj ij lkFkZd **0.05 Lrj ij lkFkZd SA&vf/kd lhek
rd A &de lhek rd D&fcYdqy ughaa rkfydk
la[;k 1 ¼[k½ eqfnzr ikB v/;;u lkexzh ij Lkewg&3 ,oa Lkewg&4 }kjk dFkukuqlkj
vko`fr] izfr'kr ,oa dkbZ oxZ ewY; dks n'kkZus okyh
rkfydk
*0.01Lrj ij lkFkZd **0.05 Lrj ij lkFkZd SA & vf/kd lhek rd A & de lhek rd D& fcYdqy
ughaa Rkkfydk
Øekad 1 ¼d½ ,oa ¼[k½ ls Li"V gS fd
Þvkius
Ekqfnzr lkexzh dks v/;;u gsrq fdl lhek rd i;kZIr ik;k gaSß bl dFku ij izkIr
izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li’V gS fd Ekqfnzr lkezxh dks v/;;u gsrq
pkjksa v/;;u lewg ds vf/kdk'k fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaA tSls
izFke lewg esa 70% fo|kFkhZ f}rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg esa 80% fo|kFkhZ ,oa prqFkZ lewg
esa 70% fo|kFkhZ Ekqfnzr ikB
lkexzh dks mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;kasfd Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa fo’k; oLrq dks
fo'ysf"kr dj ljy :i esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
ÞEkqfnzr
ikB lkexzh esa ladYiuk le> dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gaSß bl dFku ij izkIr
izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li’V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa ladYiuk
le> dks pkjksa v/;;u lewg ds fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gSa tSls izFke lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ f}rh; lewg esa 55% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg ds 70% fo|kFkhZ ,oa prqFkZ lewg
ds 72-5% fo|kFkhZ Ekqfnzr ikB
lkexzh esa ladYiuk le> dks mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksafd ladYiuk fo|kfFkZ;ksaa dh
le> esa vkrh gSA
ÞEkqfnzr
ikB lkexzh esa Loa; dh çxfr gsrq Lo ewY;kdau dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaß
bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li’V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh
esa Lo;a dh izxfr gsrq Lo ewY;kadu dks pkjkasa v/;;u lewg vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr
ikrs gaS tSls izFke lewg esa 62-5% fo|kFkhZ
f}rh; lewg esa 60% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg esaa 72-5% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg
esa 80% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS
D;ksafd fo"k; oLrq ds izLrqrhdj.k ds i'pkr~ iz'u fn;s tkrs gaS ftlls
fo|kFkhZ Lo ewY;kadu dj vkxs c<+rsa gSaA
ÞEkqfnzr
ikB lkexzh esa fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaß bl dFku ij
izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li’V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa
fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z dks pkjksa v/;;u lewg vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ekurs gaS tSls
izFke lewg 60% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esaa
77% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg esa 72-5% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg
esa 65% fo|kFkhZ lkexzh dks mi;qDr
ekurs gaS D;ksafd ikB~; oLrq esa fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z ds ewY;kadu gsrq Lo ewY;kadu
mÙkj ikB ds vUr esa fn;s tkrs gSaA
ÞEkqfnzr
ikB lkexzh dks ijh{kk dh rS;kjh gsrq fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gaSß bl dFku ij
izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh dh
ijh{kk gsrq rS;kjh dh mi;qDrrk ij pkjksa v/;;u lewg vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs
gaS tSls izFke lewg esa 52-5% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg
esa 77-5% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS
D;kasfd Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh dk mn~ns'; ijh{kk dh iw.kZ rS;kjh djkuk gksrk gSA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB
lkexzh esa fo’k;&oLrq fo'ys"k.k dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaß bl
dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u
lkexzh esa fo’k;&oLrq fo'ys"k.k dh mi;qDrrk ij pkjksa lewgksa ds
vf/kdka'k fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSa tSls izFke lewg esa 55% fo|kFkhZ f}rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg
esa
67-5%
fo|kFkhZ
mi;qDr ikrs gSa D;kasfd Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa fo"k; oLrq dk fo'ys"k.k
mfpr gksrk gS tks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh le> esa vklkuh ls vk tkrk gSA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh
esa izLrkouk dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds
fo'ys"k.k ls Li’V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa izLrkouk dks pkjksa lewg
ds fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gaS tSls izFke lewg esa 60% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 65% fo|kFkhZ]
r`rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ
rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ
mi;qDr ikrs gSa D;ksafd izLrkouk fo’k; oLrq ds Li"Vhdj.k esa lgk;d gksrh
gSA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh
esa Lo ijh{k.k iz'uksa dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaß bl dFku ij izkIr
izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa
Lo&ijh{k.k iz'uksa dks pkjksa v/;;u lewg ds fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gSa tSls
izFke lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ]
f}rh; lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ]
r`rh; lewg esa 70% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 52-5% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksafd izR;sd
fo"k; oLrq ds Ik'pkr~ Lo ijh{k.k iz'u iwNs tkrs gaSA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh
esa n`'; lkexzh tSls & fp=] pkVZ] xzkQ ,oa lkj.kh dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr
ikrs gSAß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo”ys’k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr
v/;;u lkexzh esa n`'; lkexzh] pkVZ] xzkQ] fp= ,oa lkj.kh dks pkjksa v/;;u lewg
ds fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS tSls izFke lewg esa 52-5% fo|kFkhZ]
f}rh; lewg esa 72-5% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg lewg
esa 60% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 60% fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksafd Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa
fo"k; oLrq ds le>kus dh n`f"V ls n`'; lkexzh dks izLrqr fd;k tkrk
gSA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh
esa Lo ijh{k.k iz'uksa ds vkn'kZ mÙkjksa dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSAß bl dFku
ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh
esa Loa ijh{k.k iz'uksa ds vkn'kZ mÙkj dks pkjkasa v/;;u lewg ds vf/kdka'k
fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS tSls izFke lewg esa 55%
fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 62-5% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg esa 65% fo|kFkhZ
rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 65%
fo|kFkhZ mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksafd fo|kFkhZ Lo ijh{k.k iz'u gy djus ds Ik'pkr~
vkn'kZ mÙkj ls iqf"V dj ysrs gSaA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB lkexzh
esa Lo vuqns'ku iz'uksa ds izLrqrhdj.k dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSAß bl dFku
ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh
esa vuqns'ku iz'uksa ds izLrqrhdj.k dks pkjksa v/;;u lewgksa ds fo|kFkhZ vf/kd
lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSa tSls izFke lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 65% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg esa 62-5% fo|kFkhZ
rFkk prqFkZ lewg esa 72-5% fo|kFkhZ
mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksfd iz'u ml fo"k; oLrq esa ls gh gksrs gaS ftUgsa
fo|kfFkZ;ksa us i<+k gSA
Þvki Ekqfnzr lkexzh ds lkFk ohfM;ks ikB ,oa ppkZ
dks fdl lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gSaAß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k
ls Li"V gS fd eqfnr v/;;u ds lkFk ohfM;ks] ppkZ o xf.kr iz;ksx'kkyk dks
pkjksa v/;;u lewg vf/kd lhek rd vko';d ekurs gSa tSls izFke lewg esa 60% fo|kFkhZ] f}rh; lewg esa 57-5% fo|kFkhZ] r`rh; lewg esa 60% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg
esa 75% fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd
vko';d ekurs gSa D;ksafd cgqr lh ckrksa dk izLrqrhdj.k mnkgj.k }kjk gks tkrk
gSa tks Ekqfnzr lkexzh esa ugh gks ikrkA cgqr lhek rd og ohfM;ks }kjk Li"V
gks tkrk gS rFkk ohfM;ks ikB ds i'pkr~ dksbZ dfBukbZ gks rks og ppkZ }kjk gy
gks tkrh gSaA
ÞEkqfnzr ikB~; lkexzh dks vki fdl lhek
rd #fp ds vuq:Ik ikrs gaSAß bl dFku ij izkIr izfrfØ;kvksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls
Li"V gS fd Ekqfnzr v/;;u lewg dh #fp dh lhek ij pkjksa v/;;u lewgksa ds
fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd #fp ds vuq:i ikrs gaS tSls izFke lewg 65% fo|kFkhZ f}rh; lewg esa 67-5% fo|kFkhZ r`rh; lewg esa 75% fo|kFkhZ rFkk prqFkZ lewg
esa 72-5% fo|kFkhZ #fp ds vuq:i
ikrs gaS D;ksafd Ekqfnzr ikB lkexzh esa n`'; lkexzh dks iz;ksx djds #fpdj cuk;k
tkrk gSA
fu"d"kZ
%Ekqfnzr
v/;;u lkexzh dks v/;;u gsrq ,oa ijh{kk gsrq pkjksa v/;;u
lewgksa
ds vf/kdka'k fo|kFkhZ vf/kd lhek rd mi;qDr ikrs gaS D;ksafd Ekqfnzr lkexzh esa
fo"k; oLrq dks ljy :i ls izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA lEiw.kZ ikB dks dbZ Hkkxksa
esa foHkkftr dj chp&chp esa Lo ewY;kadu iz'u ,oa fyf[kr iznÙk dk;Z fn;k
tkrk gS blfy, Nk= fo"k; oLrq dks i<+dj Lo ewY;kadu vkn'kZ mÙkj }kjk
feyku dj Lo izsj.kk ikdj vkxs c<+rs gaSA Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh esa ladYiuk
,oa izLrkouk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh le> esa vk tkrh gSa D;ksafd fo"k; oLrq dks
fo'ysf"kr dj izLrqr fd;k tkrk gS lkFk gh vko';drkuqlkj n`'; lkexzh tSls
& pkVZ] xzkQ] lkj.kh bR;kfn dh
izLrqrhdj.k gksus ls fo|kFkhZ dh Ik<+us esa #fp gksrh gSA nwjLFk f'k{kk
ç.kkyh esa ç;qDr dh tkus okyh Lo&vuqns'ku lkexzh esa Lo&Li"Vrk]
Lo&i;kZIrrk] Lo&funsZ'ku] Lo&vfHkçsj.kk ,oa Lo&vkdyu tSlh lHkh çeq[k
fo'ks"krk, gksuh pkfg,A Ekqfnzr v/;;u lkexzh dh jpuk bl çdkj dh tkuh pkfg,
fd vf/kxed fcuk fdlh ckgjh lgk;rk ds i<+ ,oa le> ldsA Ekqfnzr v/;;u
lkexzh dh ikB~;oLrq dks rkfdZd <+x ls fo'ysf"kr djds Øec) :i esa ljy
,oa lqcks/k Hkk"kk esa çLrqr djuk pkfg, fd mlesa lrrrk ,oa laxrrk cuh
jgsaA Lo&vuqns'ku lkexzh dks ijEijkxr f'k{kk iz.kkyh ds d{kkd{k f'k{kd dh
leLr Hkwfedk,¡ ;Fkk funsZ'ku] vuqns'ku] izksRlkgu o fu;U=.k djrs gq, lEiw.kZ
vf/kxe izfØ;k dks Lo;a gh lapkfyr djus esa iw.kZ:is.k leFkZ gksuk pkfg,A
LkUnHkZ
xzUFk %
1 Applebee, Arthur N.Judith A. Discussion Based
Approaches to Developing Understanding; Classroom Instruction & student
Performance in Middle &High School English Classrooms, American Educational
Research Journal(2003) V-40, N 3;
P 685-730.
2 Best, J.W., Research in
Education, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
3 Butty, Jo-Anne L. (2001): Teacher
Instruction, student Attitudes and Mathematics Performance among 10th
and 12th grade Black and Hispanic Students, journal of Negro Education,
V 70, n 1-2, P 19-37
4 Clariana, Roy Ubiquitous Wireless Laptops in Upper
Elementary Mathematics, Journal of Computers in Mathematics & Science
Teaching; (2009)V 28; n 1, P 5-21.
5 Klecker,Beverly M.Pollack,Mary Anne Congruency of
Research Based Literacy Instruction in High&Low Performing Schools, Reading
Improvement; 2005 V 42,N3,P 149
5 Parsons, John (2008): Mathematical
Games; Skill + Luck = Learning, Mathematics Teaching Incorporating Micromath; N
209, P 18-21.
6 Rice, Jeniffer King; Cronninger,
Robert G.The
Effect of Block Scheduling high School Mathematics Courses on Student
Achievement and Teachers Use of Time: Implications for Educational
Productivity. Economics of Education Review, V-21, N-6, P 599-607.2002
7 Sahoo, P.K.,
Padihari, J., Muchhal, and M.K., Effectiveness of National Open School Video
Instructional Materials Presented With and Without Talkback Mode at Scondary
Stage Quarterly Journal (Education Hearld).1997
8
Sharma. A.
Comparison among Video Based Instructional strategies for teaching science at
Class IX In terms of Achievement &Reaction. M.Ed.,DV INDORE.1998
9 Lkkgw] ih0ds0 ,oa eqNky]
,e0ds0 ¼2000½% jk"Vªh;
eqDr fo|ky; ds nwjLFk f'k{k.k vf/kxe mixeksa dh mi;qDrrk dk v/;;u] Hkkjrh;
vk/kqfud f'k{kk] ,u0lh0b0vkjVh0] fnYyh] o"kZ19] vad 2] vDVwcj 2000A
10 foojf.kdk ¼2004½ % eqDr fo|ky;h laLFkku]
dSyk'k dkyksuh] uà fnYyhA
11 'kekZ vkj- ,- ¼2006½ % nwjorhZ f'k{kk] vkj- yky
cqd fMiks] esjBA
12 xqIrk ,l-ih- o xqIrk
vYdk ¼2007½%
eqDr ,oa nwjLFk f'k{kk] 'kkjnk iqLrd Hkou] bykgkcknA
13 'kekZ o nwcs ¼2008½ % nwjLFk f'k{kk] jk/kk izdk'ku
efUnj] vkxjkA
