d:.k dqekj xqIrk
,e-fQy usV
'kks/k Nk=] lekt'kkL= foHkkx]
egkRek xk/kh dk'kh fo|kihB] okjk.klhA
Hkz"Vkpkj
Hkkjr ds fy, dksbZ u;k eqík ugha gSaA jktusrkvksa] iz'kklfud vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj
/kUuklsBksa ¼cM+s m|ksxifr;ksa½ ij bl rjg ds nkx yxrs gh jgs gSa] fdarq tks
fLFkfr orZeku dky esa gks xbZ gS oSlh fLFkfr Lora=rk izkfIr ds ckn bl ns'k esa
dHkh ugha ns[kh x;hA ftlds mnkgj.k vkSj lekt ij iM+rs izHkko dks bl ys[k esa
mn~?kkfVr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA
vkt
rks fLFkfr ;g gS fd jk"Vªh; Lrj dks usrk ls ysdj xyh&eqgYyk Lrj ds
usrk] iz'kklfud vf/kdkfj;ksa ls ysdj n¶rj ds pijklh rd vkSj cM+s m|ksxifr;ksa
ls ysdj QqVikFk ij [kw¡pk yxkus okys rd 'kk;n gh dksbZ ,slk O;fä gks tks viuh
vkSdkr ls cM+s Hkz"Vkpkj esa u fyIr gksA lkekU; :i ls dgk tkus yxk gS fd
bl yksdrkaf=d ns'k dh izk;% lHkh tufgrdkjh ;kstuk;s] O;fäxr fgr lk/kus dk
vkStkj cu xbZ gSA ;kstukvksa ds iSls ftu ij turk dk gd gS] mu ij jktusrk vkSj
ukSdj'kkg viuk gd ekurs gSA
dguk
ugha gksxk fd Hkkjrh; yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk esa Hkz"Vkpkj QS'ku dh xfr ls Hkh
vf/kd rst xfr ls c<+k gS vkSj Hkz"Vkpkjh tc rd nf.Mr u dj fn;s tk;s rc
rd ;g ekuuk mfpr ugha gksxk fd Hkz"Vkpkj ij dksbZ vadq'k yxk gS vFkok
ljdkjksa dh vksj ls bl lanHkZ esa dqN xaHkhj iz;kl fd;s x;s gSA
eg¡xkbZ
fnu nwuh jkr pkSxquh dh xfr ls c<+ jgha gSA vk'p;Z rks rc gksrk gS tc
yksdra= esa turk dh laifÙk ij ,s'k djus okyh ljdkj vkSj ljdkjh ra= mu phtksa dh
dherksa ij Hkh fu;a=.k ugha j[k ikrk ftu phtksa dh dhersa ljdkj gh r; djrh gSA
ljdkj ls lacaf/kr ea=h yksd yqHkkou c;ku nsdj ¼tks vk'oklu ls vf/kd dqN ugha
gksrk½ vius drZO;ksa dh bfrJh eku ysrs gSA yksd fp[krk&fpYykrk jgs] ra= ij
dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rkA og vusdkusd mik; viukdj yksd dks detksj djus vkSj mls
ywVus ds dke esa yxk gqvk gSA Li"V gS fd ljdkj curh rks gS lkekU; turk dh
oksV ls fdarq lkekU; turk dk fp= mlds fnyks&fnekx esa dHkh ugha cu ik;kA og
rks mPpoxhZ;] lqfo/kkHkksxh] tulsodksa dks vkSj lqfo/kk eqgS¸;k djkus ds iz;Ru
esa gh yxh jgrh gSA
gekjk
iwjk yksdra= rjg&rjg ds ?kksVkyksa vkSj Hkz"Vkpkjksa ls =kfg&=kfg
dj jgk gSA dqN pgsrksa dks vko';d lqj{kk nh xbZ gS] fdUrq tulqj{kk lcls [krjukd
nkSj ls xqtj jgh gSA fnYyh] eqEcbZ vkSj dydÙkk tSls uxjksa esa ftLe&Qjks'kh
dh Fkksd eafM;k py jgh gSA Li"V gS fd Fkksd eafM;k gS rsk [kqnjk eafM;k
gksxh gh vkSj gS Hkh tks iwjs ns'k esa fc[kjh gqbZ gSA Hkkjrh; laLÑfr vkSj
f'k"Vkpkj ds fy, D;k blls cM+k Hkh dksbZ nwljk dyad gks ldrk gSA
ns'k
dh ljdkjsa ;fn fdlh xyr Qgeh esa gS fd ns'k dh turk ukle> gS] ;k mls vklkuh
ls cgyk;k&Qqlyk;k tk ldrk gS rks mls ;g xyr Qgeh vR;f/kd eagxh iM+ ldrh gSA
;g lgh gS fd gekjs ns'k dh turk cgqr lgu'khy vkSj cgqr /kS;Zoku gSA dsUnz vkSj
jkT; ljdkjs turk ds bl xq.k dk nq#i;ksx nks"k ekudj djrh jgh gS vkSj dj
jgh gSA vkt bl ns'k dh tks fLFkfr cu pqdh gS turk mlls vifjfpr ugha gS mls [kwc
irk gS fd dqN jkT; ljdkjksa dks NksM+ ns rks] dsUnz vkSj izk;% lHkh jkT;
ljdkjsa ikVhZ fgr esa dk;Z dj jgh gSA tufgr ls mudk dksbZ laca/k gh ugha jg x;k
gSA dsUnz vkSj jkT; ljdkjsa vxf.kr Hkz"Vkpkjksa vkSj ?kksVkyksa ls f?kjh
gqbZ gSaA yksxksa dk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd ftrus Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj ?kksVkys mtkxj
gks pqds gS muls dgh vf/kd ljdkjh Qkbyksa esa ncs ;k nck;s x;s gSA eSa ?kksVkyksa
vkSj Hkz"Vkpkjksa ds ukeksa dh fxurh blfy, ugha fxuk jgk gw¡ fd ikBdksa
dks lekpkj i=ksa ls ?kksVkyksa vkSj Hkz"Vkpkjksa dh tkudkjh fey jgh gS
vkSj tc rd ;g vkys[k turk rd igq¡psxkA rc rd blesa izLrqr lwph cgqr NksVh iM+
pqdh gksxhA turk ;g Hkh tkurh gS fd pquko fudV vkus ij ljdkjs dqN
yksd&yqHkkou ?kks"k.kk,¡ djrh gS rkfd turk dks Hkqykok fn;k tk lds(
fdUrq turk bl izdkj dh nyh; rdyhQksa ls vPNh rjg ifjfpr gks pqdh gSA dbZ ckj
/kks[kk Hkh [kk pqdh gSA bl izdkj ljdkjh xfrfof/k;ksa ls ifjfpr turk vc bl rF;
ij iwjh rjg fo'okl dj pqdh gS fd Hkkjrh; yksdra= Hkz"Vkpkj dks nyny esa
vkd.B Mwck gqvk gSA ;g fdlh O;fä dk ugh oju ns'k dh lewph turk dk ekuuk gSA
References:
1.
K.P.
Jaiswal, Hindu Polity, Bangor Printing Press 1943.
2.
Jawaharlal
Nehru, the Discovery of India, Bombay Vikas Publishing House 1972.
3.
Ashish
Nandi, the Intimate Enemy, New Delhi Oxford University Press 1983.
4.
A.K.
Roy, Return of Jagjivan Ram, Statesman 28 July 1986.
5.
Eric
From, The Sane City, Newyork, Rinehart & Vinson 1955