आचार्य चतुरसेन शास़़्त्री के उपन्यासों में सांस्कृतिक चेतना

egs'k pUnz

       vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h Lo;a esa ,d laLFkk vkSj lkfgR; FksA budk okM~ee fofo/k vkSj O;kid gSA buds miU;klksa esa /keZ&n'kZu] jktuhfr] dyk&lkfgR; vkSj lekt ds cgqewY; rRoksa dk lekos'k feyrk gSA 'kkL=h th Lo;a dks ekuork dk ugha cfYd ekuo dk iqtkjh ekurs gSaA blfy, os lkekt ds ?k`f.kr] ikih] vijk/kh] vkfn euq";ksa dks Hkh viuk nsork ekuk gSA ;fn muds miU;klksa ds ys[ku&Øe dks /;ku ls gVkdj Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds fodkl Øe ij n`f"Vikr djsa rks&^o;aj{kke%* Hkkjr dh izkphu dky dh oSfnd ijEijk dks lekfgr djrs gq, ikSjkf.kd dFkkvkas dk foospuk djrk gSA ftlds dFkkud dk ewy vk/kkj jk{kl&jktk jko.k rFkk egkiq#"k jke gaSA blds ek/;e ls vk;Z&vuk;Z la?k"kZ esa ^j{k&laLd`fr* ds izpkj&izlkj ds dkj.kksa dh [kkst dh x;h gSA ^oS'kkyh dh uxjo/kw* dk dFkkud ckS) dkyhu gS] ftlesa rRdkyhu lkekftd] jktuhfrd] rFkk /kkfeZd xfr&fof/k;ksa dk cM+s dykRed <ax ls vadu fd;k x;k gSA ^lkseukFk* esa egewn xtuoh ds vkØe.k dh ?kVuk dks fpf=r fd;k x;k gSA lkseukFk ys[kd dh /keZ&lEcU/kh ekU;rkvksa dk lwpd gSA bl izdkj vkpk;Z th ds miU;kl Hkkjrh; laLd`fr]ekuo laLd`fr ds lkFk&lkFk Lo;a dh futh laLd`fr dk Hkh izfrfcEc mdsjrs gSaA

       vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h dk miU;kl lkfgR; vkdkj esa Ik;kZIr fo'kky vkSj Hkko&xkEHkh;Z fy;s gSA muds mU;kl Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds fHkUu ;qxksa vkSj O;fDr;ksa ls lECkfU/kr gSa ftuds ek/;e ls Hkkjrh; thou dh ewyHkwr ,drk] ;gk¡ ds L=h&iq#"k] lekt vkSj laLd`fr ds cqfu;knh LoHkko dk RkFkk ckgjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls iM+us okys izHkko vkSj mldh izfrfdz;k dk Kku gksrk gSA buds miU;klksa esa /keZ&n'kZu] lkfgR;]dyk] jktuhfrd vkSj lekt ds cgqewY; rRoksa ds lekos'k ds lkFk&lkFk ekuo ewY; Hkh feyrs gSaA buds mIkU;kl Hkkjrh; laLd`fr]ekuo&laLd`fr vkSj Lo;a ys[kd dh futh laLd`fr ds ekuksa niZ.k gSA

       vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h ds miU;kl ^o;aj{kke%* esa rRdkyhu Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dk HkO; fp= vkpk;Z th us [khapk gSA ;g dky vk;ksZa vkSj vuk;ksZa ds la?k"kZ dk dky FkkA vk;Z vkSj nso ijLij laxfBr Fks RkFkk mudk laxBu vR;qRre FkkA jko.k us vk;ksZa ds bl laxBu dks tM+&ewy ls m[kkM+ Qasdus ds fy, lkaLd`frd foIyo dk lw=ikr fd;kA jko.k ds 'kjhj esa 'kq) vk;Z vkSj nSR; oa'k dk jDr FkkA firk iqyLR; fcJok vk;Z _f"k Fks vkSj ekrk nSR; jkt iq=h FkhA¹ 'kkL=h th ds miU;kl esa ;g dFkk fHkUu :i esa mudh dYiuk 'kfDr dks ns[kus dk volj iznku djrh gSA os jko.k dks txnh'oj ds :i esa izfrf"Br dj] mls uohurk iznku djrs gSaA

       rRdkyhu le; esa osnksa dk tks Lo#i Fkk] jko.k us ckY;&dky esa gh firk ls i<+ fy;k FkkA ml dky esa osn vk;ksZa dk dk ,d ek= lkfgR; vkSj deZ okpu Fkk tks dsoy ekSf[kd Fkk] ys[ku c) u FkkA² jko.k ds eu esa rhu eu%fLFkfr;k¡ dk;Z dj jgha Fkha& igyh firk 'kq) vk;Z vkSj fo}ku _f"k] nwljh mldh ekrk 'kq) nSR; oa'k dh vkSj rhljh mlds HkkbZ&cU/kq cfg"d`r jktoa'kh FksA mUgsa czkã.k vkSj iqjksfgr oxZ us fdz;k&deZ ls P;qr dj] laLdkj fØ;k ls oafpr dj fn;k FkkA blh vieku ds izfr'kks/k dh ckxMksj Lo;a jko.k vius gkFk esa laHkkyrk gSA ^^jko.k us Lo;a dks leqnz dk j{kd ?kksf"kr djds jk{kl dh mikf/k /kkj.k fd;kA -------- mldk /;ku Hkkjr vkSj Hkkjrh; vk;ksZa dks nfyr djus vkSj muij viuk vkf/kiR; LFkkfir djus dh vksj x;kA*^³

       lEiw.kZ tEcw}hi ds vk;Zny dh jkT;lRrk dks nfyr dj jko.k us /keZ vkSj vk/;kRe ij Hkh Nki yxk;h gSA ^jko.k us lEiw.kZ vk;Z&vuk;Z] vf/kd`r vkSj vuf/kd`r rFkk vk;sZrjksa lc dks feydj ,d /keZuhfr dh izfr"Bk dhA loZizFke mlus osn dk lEiknu fd;k mldh _pkvksa ij fVIif.k;ka rS;kj dh] ewy eU=ksa dh O;k[;k dh rFkk O;ogkj o v/;kRe dks chp&chPk esa o`f) fd;kA bl izdkj ewy osn rFkk jko.kd`r fVIif.k;ka vkSj O;k[;k;sa lc feykdj osn dk ,d ,slk laLdkj rS;kj gks x;k tks tEcw}hi ds vk;ksZa rFkk vk;sZrjksa ds e/; d`".k&;tqosZn* ds uke ls fo[;kr gqvkA**<sup>4 *</sup>d`".k ;tqosZn* esa ujo/k]⁵ czkã.kc/k]⁶ dqekjho/k⁸] xkso/k] e|iku] L=h leiZ.k] f'k'u iwtu vkfn dk fo/kku lfEefyr gks x;k tks okLro esa cfg"d`r vk;ksZa ,oa vlqjksa dh ifjikVh FkhA⁹

       jko.k vk;ksZa dk uk'k djus ds fy, ^j{k&laLd`fr* dh LFkkiuk djrk gSA mldk ukjk Fkk ^o;a%j{kke* ge j{kk djsaxsA ^j{k&laLd`fr* ds izpkj ds fy, jko.k us vR;f/kd nwjnf'kZrk ls dk;Z fy;kA bldk ifjp; jko.k Lo;a #nz dks nsrs gq, vius fopkj vfHkO;Dr djrk gSA blds }kjk LFkkfir vkSj izfrf"Br j{k&laLd`fr dk mn~ns'; lEiw.kZ u`oa'k dks ,d gh laLd`fr ds v/khu djuk FkkA ;s jk{kl] f'k'u iwtd FksA muds vf/kdka'k dk;Z vk;Z fojks/kh FksA muesa fgalke; ;K] lqjkiku] ekal&Hk{k.k] L=h&lgokl] ujcfy vkSj f'k'u&iwtu dk fo/kku fofgr FkkA¹⁰ jko.k ds osn esa fyax iwtk dk vf/kd egRo gSA ;q) ds le; Hkh Lo.kZ fufeZr fyax dks vius lkFk ys tkrk gS vkSj ckyw dh osnh ij LFkkfir dj iwtk djrk gSA¹¹

       ,d vksj jko.k viuh j{k&laLd`fr ds izpkj&izlkj esa yhu Fkk] ogha nwljh vksj jke dk vkfoHkkZo vk;ksZa ds fy, ykHkdkjh fl) gqvkkA jke Hkh ,d egku~ lkaLd`frd iq#"k FksA jko.k ds pfj= dks dsoy jke us gh tkuk Fkk fd og fdruk egRokdka{kh FkkA blfy, vk;Z&laLd`fr dks jke us ladh.kZrk ds nk;js ls ckgj fudkydj eqDr fd;kA mudk egRlkaLd`frd dk;Z jko.k dk o/k Fkk rFkk jk{kl&oa'k dh lekfIr FkkA bl izdkj ^jko.k ds lkezkTk ds fNUu&fHkUu gksus ds ckn of'k"B vkSj fo'okfe= us lfEefyr tkfr;ksa dks laxfBr dj u;s fljs ls xq.k&deZ ns[k mUgsa pkj o.kksZa esa foHkftr dj o.kZ e;kZnk dh _pk;sa izLrqr dh vkSj os lc osnkax esa Lohd`r dj yh xbZA<sup>12</sup> blds vfrfjDr Hkh ml dky esa vU; fdrus gh /kfeZd vuq"Bku] fofHkUu jhfr&fjokt] u`R;&ok|] vUR;sf"V vkfn izFkk;sa izpfyr FksA bl izdkj 'kkL=h th us jke dFkk dks izklafxd #i esa fy;k gS vkSj vius miU;klksa ds ik=ksa dks cgqr gh vPNs <ax ls ds ek/;e ls izLrqr fd;k gSA ;g mIkU;kl ewyRk% ikSjkf.kd dFkkud ij vk/kkfjr lkaLd`frd miU;kl gSA

       vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h us 900bZ0iw0 ls 500bZ0iw0 dh ,sfrgklfld ?kVuk dks ^oS'kkyh dh uxjo/kw* esa dFkkoLrq ds #i esa izLrqr fd;k gSA ;g ckS)dkyhu ifjos'k ij vk/kkfjr gSA ^uxjo/kw* esa lkaLd`frd ,oa /kkfeZd thou izxfr ds fp= cM+s lqUnj vkSj ltho gSA ml le; /keZ foykflrk ,oa okluk ds nyny esa Mwck gqvk FkkA czkã.k vius vfLrRo dks mPp ls mPprj cukus ds fy, jktk rFkk lk/kkj.k turk dks /kkfeZd fo/kkuksa esa my>kdj vius v/khu dj ysuk pkgrk FkkA ;K]ri rFkk ozr dh iz/kkurk FkhA ;K dsoy ,d ek/;e Fkk] ftldh vkM+ esa czkã.k viuh okluk r`fIr djrs FksA ekal&efnjk dk izpyu FkkA fdlh Hkh tkfr rFkk fdlh Hkh o.kZ ds fy, L=h] ekal rFkk efnjk dk fu"ks/k ugha FkkA ;Kksa ds volj ij nkl rFkk nkfl;k¡ forfjr dh tkrh FkhaA¹³ vfrfFk lsok dk cM+k egkRE; FkkA vk;Z&/keZ iru ds lksiku ij vxzlj gks jgk Fkk] dsoy ukeek= dk vk;ZRo jg x;k FkkA muds deZ fuUnuh; FksA czkã.k /keZ dk gzkl rFkk ckS) ,oa tSu /keZ dk vH;qn; gks jgk FkkA /khjs&/khjs turk rFkk jktk ckS) /keZ ls izHkkfor gksdj muesa gh nhf{kr gksrs tk jgs FksA¹⁴

       rRdkyhu uxjksa dh vis{kk xzke vf/kd fodflr Fks rFkk O;kikjh lq[kh vkSj lEiUu FksA mi;qZDr foospuk ls Li"V gS fd czkã.kksa dk lekt esa LFkku Å¡pk Fkk ysfdu vU/k fo'okl esa iM+dj /khjs&/khjs oSfnd /keZ u"V gksus yxkA {kf=; jktk vc czkã.kksa ls ?k`.kk djus yxs Fks] ,sls gh le; esa egkRekcq) vkSj egkohj Lokeh dk tUe gksrk gSA os nksuksa gh NqvkNwr vkfn dk fojks/k djrs gSA 'kkL=h th ml le; ds czkã.k ^gfjds'khdacy* dk o.kZu bl izdkj djrs gS fd ^og fuEu tkfr;ksa ds izfr fdl rjg dk O;ogkj viukrk gSA tSls vjs! nq"V pk.Mky rw vius dks eqfu er dgA i`Foh ij gekjs vykok fdlh ds ikl fo}rk ugha gS**A¹⁵

       oS'kkyh x.kjkT; esa¹⁶ uxjo/kw ls eqDr lgokl dh izo`fRr ij fn[k;h iM+rh gSA bl le; dh ckS)dkyhu lkekftd] jktuhfrd] /kkfeZd]lkaLd`frd fLFkfr;ksa ij izdk'k Mkyrs gq, 'kkL=h th mn~?kkVu djrs gSa fd& L=h] iq#"k oxZ ds izfr fdl rjg ls lefiZr vkSj 'kks"k.k dk vk/kkj gksrh gSA tgk¡ ukjh foo'krk dh ihM+k lg jgh Fkh ogha iq#"kksa dh vkd.B foykflrk ukjh ds izfr ?k`.kk ,oa mis{kk dk Hkko izLrqr djrh gSA oS'kkyh dk egk;q) ,d L=h vEcikyh ds dkj.k gh gqvk FkkA¹⁷ foyklh ,oa izeknh jktk] lkeUr rFkk lsfB~B iq=] lqjk vkSj lqUnjh ds vfrfjDr dqN ugha lksprs FksA¹⁸

          vkpk;Zoj dh lkfgR;d jpukvksa dk eq[; fo"k; ukjh gh jgh gSA blfy, mUgksus ukjh leL;kvksa ij vf/kd fopkj fd;k gSA bl miU;kl esa vkezikyh eq[; ik= gSA muds vuqlkj og jksrh gS] flldrh gS] blfy, fd lkSUn;Z mlds fy, vfHk'kki gSA oS'kkyh dh dkuwu O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj fdlh lqUnj dU;k dks dqyo/kw ls gVdj uxjc/kw cuus dks ck/; fd;k tkrk gSA blh vfHk'kki ds QyLo#i vkezikyh tSlh vlk/kkj.k lqUnjh dks cktkj esa cSB dj Å¡ps&uhps nkeksa esa fcduk iM+rk gSA gj rjg ds lq[k lqfo/kkvksa ls foeq[k gksdj dkeqd r#.kksa dh foykflrk dk f'kdkj curh gSA mlds ân; esa oS'kkyh ds izfr {kksHk tkxrk gS vkSj og g"kZnso dh lgk;rk ls oS'kkyh dks feVk nsuk pkgrh gSA fdUrq tc fcfEclkj Hkh mldh lgk;rk ugha dj ikrk rks og ukjh dh vlgk; voLFkk dks le>rh gS vkSj vUr esa cq) ds 'kj.k esa pyh tkrh gSA

       ^lkseukFk* miU;kl ds vUrxZr bfrgkl izfl) xqtjkr ds lkseukFk efUnj ij vkdze.k dk o.kZu gSA bl miU;kl dh dFkkoLrq ds vk/kkj ij 'kkL=h th rRdkyhu /kkfeZd ekU;rkvksa vkSj laLd`fr ij izdk'k Mkyrs gSaSA jktuSfrd n`f"V ls ml ;qx dk euksfoKku fHkUu #i fy, gq, Fkk tks fd cgqr dqN /keZ dh lRrk ij vk#<+ gksdj lekt dks HkVdk jgk FkkA dzwjrkiw.kZ d`R; rFkk n;k] dkseyrk dk #i] lkFk gh ,d fHkUu izdkj dh fopkj /kkjk dk leUo; efLr"d esa fopkjksa dk vk/kkj cuk, gq, FkkA egewn ds #i esa gesa ;qxhu bLykeh dV~Vjrk] /kfeZd n`<+rk] ,ds'ojoknh tkfr&ik¡fr ds HksnHkko ls jfgr] ewfrZ Hkatd fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA eqlyeku pkgs fdlh Hkh Js.kh ;k tkfr ds gksa fdUrq mudk /keZ ,d gS] mudk bZ'oj ,d gS] mudh tkfr ,d gS] mudk deZ ,d gS] mudk /;s; vkSj thou dk y{; Hkh ,d gSA

       /keZ ds nwljh vksj ;g Hkh >ydrk gS fd ekuo ds vUnj fdruh vf/kd dzwjrk rFkk u`'kalrk gks ldrh gSA eqlyeku viuh tkfr vkSj /keZ ds fy, nqfu;ka dks [kkd dj ldrs gSaA ryokj vkSj u`'kalk ds cy ij] ekuo ds jDr ls jax dj os bLyke dk >.Mk Qjguk pkgrs gSaA egewn vkSj mldh lsuk dh Hkkouk,¡ bUgha lans'kksa dks izlkfjr djrh gSA¹⁹ og vius vkSfy;k ls dgrk gS fd ogh esjk nhuka&bZeku gSA²⁰ blds vfrfjDr vkpk;Z th dk egewn vius vU; xq.k nks"kksa esa ,sfrgkfld egewn ds fcYdqy fudV gSA²¹ fdUrq fgUnw jktkvksa esa n;k&Hkkouk FkhA /keZ dk fofHkUurk dh izfrfdz;k ds QyLo#i Hksn&Hkko dh Hkouk vf/kd fodflr FkhA os vf/kd ls vf/kd vius /keZ dks Åij mBkuk pkgrs Fks ftldh 'kfDr izcy gks tkrh og vius /keZ dk izpkj djrk FkkA xqtjkr esa jktk pkeq.Mjk; fuR; Hkksx&foykl] laxhr vkSj ,s'kks&vkjke esa iM+k jgrk FkkA og jktdkt vkSj iztk dh rjQ ls cs[kcj gks x;k FkkA bl izdkj tgk¡ ,d vksj vkpk;Z th us fgUnw jktkvksa dh vdeZ.;rk rFkk ,drk ds vHkko dk vkJ; ysdj ;qxhu lkekftd&lkaLd`frd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fp=.k fd;k gS] ogha nwljh vksj ukfj;ksa ds egku R;kx vkSj xgu fopkjksa dh ifjf/k esa f?kjdj ;qxhu laLd`fr dk Hkh fo'ys"k.k fd;kA

      bl izdkj mi;ZqDr foospuk ds vk/kkj ij ge dg ldrs gSa fd vkpk;Z th dks ,sfrgkfld rFkk lkaLd`frd miU;klksa esa vf/kd lQyrk feyh gSA oS'kkyh dh uxjo/kw ^vkpk;Z prqjlsu* ds ukjh]L=h&iq#"k lEcU/k] izse] okluk] lkSUn;Z] u`R; vkSj laxhr rFkk Hkkjrh; laLd`fr fo"k;d n`f"Vdks.k dk Kkid gSA lkseukFk ys[kd dh /keZ lEcU/kh ekU;rkvksa dk lwpd gSA o;a j{kke% esa 'kkL=h th us vk;Z&vuk;Z la?k"kZ esa ^j{k&laLd`fr* ds izpkj izlkj ds dkj.kksa dh [kkst dh gSaA fu"d"kZr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkpk;Z th ds miU;kl Hkjrh; laLd`fr] ekuo laLd`fr ds lkFk&lkFk Lo;a dh futh laLd`fr dk izfrfcEc mdsjrs gSA

lUnHkZ%&

1-    ¼v½ o;a j{kke% vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h] i`"B & 159

    ¼c½ fgUnw lH;rk] Mk0 jk/kk dqeqn eq[kthZ] vuqoknd Mk0 oklqnso 'kj.k vxzoky] i`"B& 156

2-    o;a j{kke% vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h i`"B& 151

3-    o;a j{kke% vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h i`"B& 160

4-    o;a j{kke% vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h i`"B& 162] *d`".k ;tqosZn* rkSrZjh; czgE.k vkSj mldk lk;.k Hkk";

5-    okps iq#"k Hkky ers ¼r`0p0 vXVkn'k½ ¼lk;.k½

6-    rSfRrjh; czgE.k] lk;.k] ¼r`rh; dkUMs] prqFkZ izikBds] izFkeksuqokd%½

7-    izrh{kk,a dqekjhe~ ¼r`0p0 ,dksufoA”k%½¼lk;.k½

8-    rSRrjh;kL;a=] fgj’;ds'kjh dkaj ¼i`"B 1v0 8½

9-    o;a j{kke%&vFkZ Hkk";e~] i`’B 163 o Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dk bfrgkl vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkj=h] i`"B 245

10-    o;a j{kke% vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h i`"B&163

11-    o;a j{kke% vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h i`"B&349

12-    o;a j{kke%] vkpk;Z prqjlsu] i`"B & 704

13-    oS'kkyh dh uxjc/kw] vkpk;Z prqjlsu] i`"B 286&287

14-    oS'kkyh dh uxjc/kw] vkpk;Z prqjlsu] i`"B 53 ls 58] 68&62rFk 388 ls 332 rd*

15-    oS'kkyh dh uxjc/kw] vkpk;Z prqjlsu] i`"B 125o137

16-    oS'kkyh dh uxjc/kw] vkpk;Z prqjlsu] i`"B 480&486 rdA

17-    oS'kkyh dh uxjc/kw] vkpk;Z prqjlsu] i`"B 670

18-    oS'kkyh dh uxjc/kw] vkpk;Z prqjlsu] i`"B 286&287

19-    xqtjkr ds jktk 'kSo rFkk ea=h tSu gqvk djrs FksA

20-    lkseukFk] vkpk;Z prqjlsu] i`"B&74

21-    vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h dk dFkk lkfgR;] Mk0 'kqHkdjukFk diwj] i`"B&27

egs'k pUnz

'kks/k Nk=] fgUnh foHkkx]

m0iz0jk0V0eq0fo'ofo|ky;] bykgkckn] m0iz0